{"id":393,"date":"2019-01-23T10:12:38","date_gmt":"2019-01-23T10:12:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/?page_id=393"},"modified":"2021-09-28T13:12:51","modified_gmt":"2021-09-28T13:12:51","slug":"overview","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/","title":{"rendered":"Overview"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-black-color has-text-color\" style=\"font-size:35px\"><strong><span class=\"has-inline-color has-black-color\">Ensuring Electromagnetic Harmony Inside Your Electronics.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-container-1 wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-black-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><em>Help to identify and fix EMI\/EMC design problems. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-black-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><em>EMC design review during the design phase. <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center has-black-color has-white-background-color has-text-color has-background has-large-font-size\"><em>Reducing interference and restoring Signal\/Power Integrity. <\/em><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"alignnormal\"><div id=\"metaslider-id-1826\" style=\"width: 100%; margin: 0 auto;\" class=\"ml-slider-3-50-0 metaslider metaslider-flex metaslider-1826 ml-slider ms-theme-cubic has-dots-nav\" role=\"region\" aria-roledescription=\"Slideshow\" aria-label=\"Overview_1\">\n    <div id=\"metaslider_container_1826\">\n        <div id=\"metaslider_1826\">\n            <ul aria-live=\"polite\" class=\"slides\">\n            <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n        \n    <\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"sb_instagram\"  class=\"sbi sbi_mob_col_1 sbi_tab_col_2 sbi_col_3 sbi_width_resp sbi_disable_mobile\" style=\"padding-bottom: 2px;width: 100%;\" data-feedid=\"sbi_17841419884156099rdm#120\"  data-res=\"thumb\" data-cols=\"3\" data-colsmobile=\"1\" data-colstablet=\"2\" data-num=\"120\" data-nummobile=\"\" data-shortcode-atts=\"{&quot;cols&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;num&quot;:&quot;20&quot;,&quot;sortby&quot;:&quot;random&quot;,&quot;imageres&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;}\"  data-postid=\"393\" data-locatornonce=\"d3bbf78143\" data-sbi-flags=\"favorLocal,gdpr\">\r\n\t\r\n    <div id=\"sbi_images\"  style=\"padding: 1px;\">\r\n\t\t<div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17894140583531644\" data-date=\"1651648468\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CdIJr-gthiD\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/279679667_1003623320264883_6154332080351102891_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=101&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=zqsAE0OD3XUQ7kNvgGR8EXA&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBCq1SFMhj3FlQtv_oTO1Yn0aNr_WpvZvZnay3lX0trWw&#038;oe=67567E56\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/279679667_1003623320264883_6154332080351102891_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=zqsAE0OD3XUQ7kNvgGR8EXA&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBCq1SFMhj3FlQtv_oTO1Yn0aNr_WpvZvZnay3lX0trWw&amp;oe=67567E56&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/279679667_1003623320264883_6154332080351102891_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=zqsAE0OD3XUQ7kNvgGR8EXA&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBCq1SFMhj3FlQtv_oTO1Yn0aNr_WpvZvZnay3lX0trWw&amp;oe=67567E56&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/279679667_1003623320264883_6154332080351102891_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/279679667_1003623320264883_6154332080351102891_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The correct concept of grounding in a system or on<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The correct concept of grounding in a system or on a printed circuit board (PCB) is quite a challenge.\n\nGround splitting is a tradeoff between achieving system performance, a level of complexity and  levels of Emission and Immunity (EMC).\n\nWhether you are designing your electronics with a solid ground or a split ground, it is important to understand where the main and return current flows (in the range - from DC to RF). \n\nVery oft, it is almost impossible to change the location of  interface\/backplane connectors,  power components, etc. These reason push the developer to think about splitting ground plane.\n\nI can say about my experince:\n* For a simple, low power, PCB with MCU and 8-10bits ADC + display normally you don&#039;t need the GND splitting. (Home automation, simple IoT, etc.)\n* Solid\/Splitting ground must be carefully designed for mixed signal electronics with digital, low noise analog, and DC\/DC components. (Space electronics, IoT with RF, high-precise instrumental electronics, RF software defined radio - SDR). For Power electronics with analog readout and DSP shaping system. (Power drivers and inverters). \n\nComplex reliable electronics like Space\/Automitive\/Defence requared very deep worst case analisys (WCA). In turn, it become very difficult to achieve requirements without splitting the ground.\n\nProper ground separation and placements of stitching capacitors helped me to reduce interference (EMI) by 60 dB. These disturbances reduced significantly the LIDAR system performance. The electromagnetic interference was originated from the FPGA interconnect and affected the low noise laser drivers. As a result of the EMI reduction, the laser line width(phase noise) was significantly reduced to the requared system level. The Radiation Emission level after the changes were also complient with the EMC standards.\n\nHere are some my photos from tests and measurements of the device after making changes to the PCB. \n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #emitroubleshooting #pcb #pcbdesign\n#analogelectronics\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\n#grounding #groundloop #groundingconcept #signalIntegrity #powerintegrity\n\n@wedontknowzipcodes\n@juanmicuesta96\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18290800972040565\" data-date=\"1650919331\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Ccya-BBr7zD\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/279319822_651512112620430_2791202122604404492_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=102&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=v3sTaLdm764Q7kNvgGnfQMw&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCgAqZptoGsvIQidrZH3LuMN3ZqwX3Xg7Vr79Da7vZNuw&#038;oe=6756862D\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/279319822_651512112620430_2791202122604404492_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=v3sTaLdm764Q7kNvgGnfQMw&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCgAqZptoGsvIQidrZH3LuMN3ZqwX3Xg7Vr79Da7vZNuw&amp;oe=6756862D&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/279319822_651512112620430_2791202122604404492_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=v3sTaLdm764Q7kNvgGnfQMw&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCgAqZptoGsvIQidrZH3LuMN3ZqwX3Xg7Vr79Da7vZNuw&amp;oe=6756862D&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/279319822_651512112620430_2791202122604404492_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/279319822_651512112620430_2791202122604404492_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an RF power amplifier circuit board built <\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an RF power amplifier circuit board built with lumped components.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #rf\n#rfdesign #analogdevices #we #w\u00fcrthelektronik\n#rfamplifier #printedcircuitboard\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17996873411536034\" data-date=\"1712950245\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/C5rFBT8LY7p\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/437758317_329526506796414_504125897032493738_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=OJfqtTQJRs4Q7kNvgFjm2_b&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYAnL9M7djPjjjPcag0TbEzFBgudUWIg7p7DwBIOqfR3xw&#038;oe=675698AB\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/437758317_329526506796414_504125897032493738_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=OJfqtTQJRs4Q7kNvgFjm2_b&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAnL9M7djPjjjPcag0TbEzFBgudUWIg7p7DwBIOqfR3xw&amp;oe=675698AB&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/437758317_329526506796414_504125897032493738_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=OJfqtTQJRs4Q7kNvgFjm2_b&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAnL9M7djPjjjPcag0TbEzFBgudUWIg7p7DwBIOqfR3xw&amp;oe=675698AB&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/437758317_329526506796414_504125897032493738_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/437758317_329526506796414_504125897032493738_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">In this video, I demonstrated how incorrect timing<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"In this video, I demonstrated how incorrect timing constraints will sound in an FPGA design. The test was conducted during the development of a software-defined radio (SDR). \r\n\r\nAt the beginning of this video, I showed the fading effect of short wave propagation (without timing violation) just to get an idea of what it sounds like and how it differs from the timing violation problem in the FPGA.\r\n\r\nThen I blew on the fpga and recorded the sound as the temperature changed fast.\r\n\r\nAt the end, I showed how the system behaves when the room temperature is slowly changing.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex #fpga #Intel #terasic #radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone #analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #receiver #sdr #hamradio #vhdl #verilog #timingconstraints\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17962548869022954\" data-date=\"1667308106\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/Cka1GabAhE4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.36329-15\/313694641_2986895851456636_3670004110107375824_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=F7k0SmK47MEQ7kNvgGrdAfy&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCbHyuUunEGYfO2F4wrfxLvIq7ptudsWYiMDfUh8wFDJg&#038;oe=675693A0\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/313694641_2986895851456636_3670004110107375824_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=F7k0SmK47MEQ7kNvgGrdAfy&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCbHyuUunEGYfO2F4wrfxLvIq7ptudsWYiMDfUh8wFDJg&amp;oe=675693A0&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/313694641_2986895851456636_3670004110107375824_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=F7k0SmK47MEQ7kNvgGrdAfy&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCbHyuUunEGYfO2F4wrfxLvIq7ptudsWYiMDfUh8wFDJg&amp;oe=675693A0&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313489117_3299069827088250_1040973641871554963_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313489117_3299069827088250_1040973641871554963_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a Linux(LXDE) launch of my Software Define<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a Linux(LXDE) launch of my Software Defined Radio (SDR) project. Before the launch is shown the process of programming the bridge between FPGA and ARM Cortex-A9 (SoC Cyclone V). The FPGA is used because the video decoder chip (VGA) is connected to the FPGA pins instead of the ARM.\r\n\r\nThis operation system will be used to run FFT anlysis application and display a spectrum and a waterfall of the received signal.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #altium\n#altiumdesigner #fpga #Intel #terasic\n#radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\n#printedcircuitboard #lxde #linux #vga #fft\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17911852298158440\" data-date=\"1641462736\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CYYl1TyIcT8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/271499473_981446626056037_921869608713714378_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=LOJDU5smASUQ7kNvgHKZINj&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYD-XEWGUjts0EO-o0N68o7S0LUVseWShsEZLRYEZ59P8w&#038;oe=675672F4\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271499473_981446626056037_921869608713714378_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=LOJDU5smASUQ7kNvgHKZINj&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD-XEWGUjts0EO-o0N68o7S0LUVseWShsEZLRYEZ59P8w&amp;oe=675672F4&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271499473_981446626056037_921869608713714378_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=LOJDU5smASUQ7kNvgHKZINj&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD-XEWGUjts0EO-o0N68o7S0LUVseWShsEZLRYEZ59P8w&amp;oe=675672F4&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271499473_981446626056037_921869608713714378_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271499473_981446626056037_921869608713714378_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">3D View is a nice option of the Altium Designer. I<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"3D View is a nice option of the Altium Designer. I like it.\n\nThe project is an RF Analog Front End, that can be used for different purposes, for example SDR (Software Defined Radio).\n------------\u2010----------------------------\nThe design consist of:\n- Digital RF Attenuator\n- 7order RF Low Pass Filter\n- RF Low Noise Amplifier\n- Differential RF Anti-Aliasing Filter\n- ADC 16bits\/105MSPS (LTC2217)\n- Bus Driver - 16bits \n- DAC 14bits - 275MSPS (DAC5672)\n- Reconstraction RF LPF\n- RF Power Amplifier \n- Low Jitter VCXO 100MHz\n- Low Noise Voltage regulators\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects #hardware #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#circuitdesign #altium\n#altiumdesigner \n#radioelectronics \n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur #3d\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18038216848836940\" data-date=\"1712688228\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/C5jRkHDrgpB\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/436905468_400780959386341_5573411560705203914_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=1a0KDtrVvMMQ7kNvgEi0KnP&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCBTqsTEdoFSlPN-ay3OpZMh9TpjVj5w-uvDwE6P7VcYA&#038;oe=67569AF6\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/436905468_400780959386341_5573411560705203914_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=1a0KDtrVvMMQ7kNvgEi0KnP&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCBTqsTEdoFSlPN-ay3OpZMh9TpjVj5w-uvDwE6P7VcYA&amp;oe=67569AF6&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/436905468_400780959386341_5573411560705203914_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=1a0KDtrVvMMQ7kNvgEi0KnP&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCBTqsTEdoFSlPN-ay3OpZMh9TpjVj5w-uvDwE6P7VcYA&amp;oe=67569AF6&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/436905468_400780959386341_5573411560705203914_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/436905468_400780959386341_5573411560705203914_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Switching on SDR for the first time (MW and SW). T<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Switching on SDR for the first time (MW and SW). To begin with, I implemented the simplest direct demodulation of AM and SSB signals without IQ channels.  The video shows only the reception of AM signals.  Instead of an antenna, a heating system in a multi-story building was used.\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex #electronicsprojects #fpga #Intel #terasic\r#radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone\r#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver \r#rfdesign #sdr #hamradio #radioamateur #vhdl\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18223709071118200\" data-date=\"1648393055\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CbnIeoCNfL6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/277253199_543285933768932_5839153932130961935_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=108&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=VN4f4RzhlgMQ7kNvgEbUrL6&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBc9ubPfSDeIk8xERCCPdLweje6TT2Y5N1qEgc79nKd_g&#038;oe=675687C0\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/277253199_543285933768932_5839153932130961935_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=VN4f4RzhlgMQ7kNvgEbUrL6&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBc9ubPfSDeIk8xERCCPdLweje6TT2Y5N1qEgc79nKd_g&amp;oe=675687C0&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/277253199_543285933768932_5839153932130961935_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=VN4f4RzhlgMQ7kNvgEbUrL6&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBc9ubPfSDeIk8xERCCPdLweje6TT2Y5N1qEgc79nKd_g&amp;oe=675687C0&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/277253199_543285933768932_5839153932130961935_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/277253199_543285933768932_5839153932130961935_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an evaluation board of an LMK04832 Ultra L<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an evaluation board of an LMK04832 Ultra Low-Noise JESD204B Compliant Clock Jitter Cleaner With Dual Loop PLLs.\n\nThe choice of suitable elements for the generation and distribution of clock signals is one of the main tasks in the development of system design.\n\nThe capabilities of this chip allow  to generate clean clock signals for sensitive elements of the RF system, such as FPGAs, high-speed ADCs \/ DACs.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting\n#emcconsulting #lvds\n#pcb #clock #jitter\n#clockdistributor\n#ti #JESD204B #pll\n#systemdesing\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18091714840294289\" data-date=\"1652529511\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CdiaJF8tgDG\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/280743372_167614095657518_7089040544592807726_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=111&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=cxThlWyrw6gQ7kNvgHBew_5&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYAHuB3SUcTqBwr7MDRHH4QBXTR4YxE-ggaSXaccPEnLIw&#038;oe=67569174\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280743372_167614095657518_7089040544592807726_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=cxThlWyrw6gQ7kNvgHBew_5&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAHuB3SUcTqBwr7MDRHH4QBXTR4YxE-ggaSXaccPEnLIw&amp;oe=67569174&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280743372_167614095657518_7089040544592807726_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=cxThlWyrw6gQ7kNvgHBew_5&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAHuB3SUcTqBwr7MDRHH4QBXTR4YxE-ggaSXaccPEnLIw&amp;oe=67569174&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280743372_167614095657518_7089040544592807726_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280743372_167614095657518_7089040544592807726_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Tesla Autopilot HW2.5 and Infotainment Boards. \nLo<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Tesla Autopilot HW2.5 and Infotainment Boards. \nLooks amazing and very professional!!!\n\nI wonder if the PCB developers, judging by the photos of the boards, use separate grounds...\n\nThe pictures were taken from the:\nhttps:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/jurvetson\/50938493268\/in\/photostream\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #emitroubleshooting #pcb #pcbdesign #printedcircuitboard\n#digitalelectronics\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\n#grounding #groundingconcept #signalIntegrity #powerintegrity #groundbouncing #tesla\n#teslamodel3\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17958840883683419\" data-date=\"1654097618\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CeRJEcdNgUV\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/285416787_546994550287067_6415479789575051990_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=106&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=bDlfo5bx0c4Q7kNvgHuTqN8&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBn8SqaBu7-BX9ci_YhS9PvlX7FnTaY_NopVqPqAhnhAg&#038;oe=67568897\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/285416787_546994550287067_6415479789575051990_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=bDlfo5bx0c4Q7kNvgHuTqN8&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBn8SqaBu7-BX9ci_YhS9PvlX7FnTaY_NopVqPqAhnhAg&amp;oe=67568897&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/285416787_546994550287067_6415479789575051990_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=bDlfo5bx0c4Q7kNvgHuTqN8&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBn8SqaBu7-BX9ci_YhS9PvlX7FnTaY_NopVqPqAhnhAg&amp;oe=67568897&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/285416787_546994550287067_6415479789575051990_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/285416787_546994550287067_6415479789575051990_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Breadboard (PCB) testing at -45\u00b0C. This is a cabl<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Breadboard (PCB) testing at -45\u00b0C. This is a cable hole with some air leakage that has formed ice due to condensation.\nThe thermal chamber has a compressed air tube connected to avoid condensation inside.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #emitroubleshooting #hardwaretest #thermal #condensation\n#thermalchamber #ice #cable\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17951715271786863\" data-date=\"1649444767\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CcGeddArXl6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/278114188_688646899247811_5549457651116573951_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=107&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=DPiJ0iBCFAwQ7kNvgFaOcPL&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCNsGh4or-7GGGIlOqqKeh2GSwXuCE_zr8lFFSL3TixFg&#038;oe=67569E2E\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278114188_688646899247811_5549457651116573951_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=DPiJ0iBCFAwQ7kNvgFaOcPL&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCNsGh4or-7GGGIlOqqKeh2GSwXuCE_zr8lFFSL3TixFg&amp;oe=67569E2E&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278114188_688646899247811_5549457651116573951_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=DPiJ0iBCFAwQ7kNvgFaOcPL&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCNsGh4or-7GGGIlOqqKeh2GSwXuCE_zr8lFFSL3TixFg&amp;oe=67569E2E&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278114188_688646899247811_5549457651116573951_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278114188_688646899247811_5549457651116573951_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The signal integrity (SI) of the JTAG interface is<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The signal integrity (SI) of the JTAG interface is just as important as that of other high speed interfaces.\n\nThe photo shows a self-made JTAG adapter cable, which was made without due consideration the integrity of the signal. Worst of all, the PCB was also designed with no regard for the signal integrity of the JTAG interface. The idea was that JTAG has a low clock frwquency and that signal integrity is not worth paying attention to.\n\nSome roughting errors on the #PCB and ill-conceived  adapter cable led to the fact that the FPGA was not programmed.\n\nThis JTAG connection was used to program Flash based #FPGA (Microsemi). The programmer (FlashPro4) generates a 4 MHz clock signal by default, but can be reduces to 1 MHz.\n\nThe FPGA programming software installed on the PC is so smart that it identified the Signal Integrity Problem and reported it to the developer. \n(See picture)\n\nReducing the JTAG clock frequency to 1 MHz only helped to hide \ud83d\ude42 the message about the signal integrity problem. The FPGA was not properly programmed and the tool showed a problem during the FPGA check. (See picture)\n\nAt the end, the problem was identified and solved.\nIn the next posts, I will show what was the error on the PCB.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting\n#electromagneticcompatibility \n#emcconsulting \n#cable #jtag #si\n#signalintegrity\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17927677091048751\" data-date=\"1642705505\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CY9oVtELWAh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/272212936_1948654655314322_7975439067040123102_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=QF7KIVLEAIUQ7kNvgH2FZJC&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDZTFmzraCVAIJN4r6TOOPmFK4TWh9eUknfZwPYo0lOlw&#038;oe=675676BB\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272212936_1948654655314322_7975439067040123102_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=QF7KIVLEAIUQ7kNvgH2FZJC&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDZTFmzraCVAIJN4r6TOOPmFK4TWh9eUknfZwPYo0lOlw&amp;oe=675676BB&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272212936_1948654655314322_7975439067040123102_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=QF7KIVLEAIUQ7kNvgH2FZJC&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDZTFmzraCVAIJN4r6TOOPmFK4TWh9eUknfZwPYo0lOlw&amp;oe=675676BB&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272212936_1948654655314322_7975439067040123102_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272212936_1948654655314322_7975439067040123102_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">How many decoupling capacitors around an #FPGA or <\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"How many decoupling capacitors around an #FPGA or an #MCU do we need? It is not easy to say.\n\nDesign of a power distribution network (Power Integrity) is a separate big topic in modern electronics design.\n\nAnd, without analysing, simulation and measurement of the #PDN, we are just playing in &quot;Russian Roulette&quot; with our design (Henry Ott wrote in his EMC book.)\n\nAnd many years later, a huge number of companies continue to spend big money on redesigning and retesting boards that did not work reliably.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#digitalelectronics\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility #powerdistributionnetwork \n#powerintegrity\n#pcb #pcbdesign\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17909036906587954\" data-date=\"1667511989\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Ckg683Wrx4s\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/313841035_517829629946815_2116330754452085515_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=104&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=dRgwqxbrBCsQ7kNvgEO747v&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCqiBHoaLLb1F6YZKU6NFL8bc7bf1fhzvxBeaiWpVq_Mg&#038;oe=67568DC8\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/313841035_517829629946815_2116330754452085515_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=dRgwqxbrBCsQ7kNvgEO747v&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCqiBHoaLLb1F6YZKU6NFL8bc7bf1fhzvxBeaiWpVq_Mg&amp;oe=67568DC8&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/313841035_517829629946815_2116330754452085515_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=dRgwqxbrBCsQ7kNvgEO747v&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCqiBHoaLLb1F6YZKU6NFL8bc7bf1fhzvxBeaiWpVq_Mg&amp;oe=67568DC8&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313841035_517829629946815_2116330754452085515_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313841035_517829629946815_2116330754452085515_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This figure shows various ways to practically and <\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This figure shows various ways to practically and quickly match the impedances of the RF components on the manufactured PCB.\n\nTaken from a book &quot;Microwave hybrid amplifier realization&quot;\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #rf\n#rfdesign #analogdevices\n#rfcircuits #printedcircuitboard #impedancematching #microstrip\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17918768504462244\" data-date=\"1650786395\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CcudadSNHiq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/278935386_680181279977232_3366262283404595260_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=p86JpAIudekQ7kNvgHljcgF&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYD9v3G8A7Yj0-k3cLC4oPdT9hyg7uzx8h-7RCoJObGsWw&#038;oe=67569D49\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278935386_680181279977232_3366262283404595260_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=p86JpAIudekQ7kNvgHljcgF&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD9v3G8A7Yj0-k3cLC4oPdT9hyg7uzx8h-7RCoJObGsWw&amp;oe=67569D49&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278935386_680181279977232_3366262283404595260_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=p86JpAIudekQ7kNvgHljcgF&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD9v3G8A7Yj0-k3cLC4oPdT9hyg7uzx8h-7RCoJObGsWw&amp;oe=67569D49&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278935386_680181279977232_3366262283404595260_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278935386_680181279977232_3366262283404595260_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nIndustrial Controller.\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nThe pre-compliance test for EMI Radiated Emission failed.\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nSignal Integrity problem, which caused the EMI problem. Insufficiently thought out the #PCB design of the High-Speed Ethernet controller and ground.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #radiatedemission\n#electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting\n#ethetnet #industrialcontrol \n#highspeedsignal\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18278875876053086\" data-date=\"1644444664\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CZxdSwHAv6Q\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/273599360_705244447138210_7178147768163426902_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=TlZHzTc_vY4Q7kNvgGIPui4&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYAIeYGYltiVx7lYd4G5ehVrUzCd9M9ynvJ4f6sDWAu9Sg&#038;oe=67568B65\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273599360_705244447138210_7178147768163426902_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=TlZHzTc_vY4Q7kNvgGIPui4&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAIeYGYltiVx7lYd4G5ehVrUzCd9M9ynvJ4f6sDWAu9Sg&amp;oe=67568B65&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273599360_705244447138210_7178147768163426902_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=TlZHzTc_vY4Q7kNvgGIPui4&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAIeYGYltiVx7lYd4G5ehVrUzCd9M9ynvJ4f6sDWAu9Sg&amp;oe=67568B65&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273599360_705244447138210_7178147768163426902_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273599360_705244447138210_7178147768163426902_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The project is an RF Analog Front End, that can be<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The project is an RF Analog Front End, that can be used for different purposes, for example SDR (Software Defined Radio).\n------------\u2010----------------------------\nThe design consist of:\n- Digital RF Attenuator\n- 7order RF Low Pass Filter\n- RF Low Noise Amplifier\n- Differential RF Anti-Aliasing Filter\n- ADC 16bits\/105MSPS (LTC2217)\n- Bus Driver - 16bits \n- DAC 14bits - 275MSPS (DAC5672)\n- Reconstraction RF LPF\n- RF Power Amplifier \n- Low Jitter VCXO 100MHz\n- Low Noise Voltage regulators\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #altium\n#altiumdesigner \n#radioelectronics \n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18124369282276605\" data-date=\"1649934914\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CcVFV3zrT3V\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/278386581_355467679862150_277310416628455798_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=100&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=wQLt6vS5nFcQ7kNvgGiQ6Lj&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBL5_E8BAuhiJWONKWyTm7uFrcqrXrCzTIuhqB97gaYfw&#038;oe=6756985F\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278386581_355467679862150_277310416628455798_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=wQLt6vS5nFcQ7kNvgGiQ6Lj&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBL5_E8BAuhiJWONKWyTm7uFrcqrXrCzTIuhqB97gaYfw&amp;oe=6756985F&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278386581_355467679862150_277310416628455798_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=wQLt6vS5nFcQ7kNvgGiQ6Lj&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBL5_E8BAuhiJWONKWyTm7uFrcqrXrCzTIuhqB97gaYfw&amp;oe=6756985F&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278386581_355467679862150_277310416628455798_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278386581_355467679862150_277310416628455798_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Wilkilson RF power splitter\/combiner based on lump<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Wilkilson RF power splitter\/combiner based on lumped components.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #rf\n#rfdesign #analogdevices #we #w\u00fcrthelektronik\n#wilkinson\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17957601748577647\" data-date=\"1642181337\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CYuAkVbN0db\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/271777797_309342887919190_2204017446698249078_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=X2lLnPZnuLMQ7kNvgG4Xz_a&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBV5VcIph7w1QBDuN7TKnOhpBRgdikuscZ-_AfujOIAWg&#038;oe=67568341\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271777797_309342887919190_2204017446698249078_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=X2lLnPZnuLMQ7kNvgG4Xz_a&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBV5VcIph7w1QBDuN7TKnOhpBRgdikuscZ-_AfujOIAWg&amp;oe=67568341&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271777797_309342887919190_2204017446698249078_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=X2lLnPZnuLMQ7kNvgG4Xz_a&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBV5VcIph7w1QBDuN7TKnOhpBRgdikuscZ-_AfujOIAWg&amp;oe=67568341&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271777797_309342887919190_2204017446698249078_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271777797_309342887919190_2204017446698249078_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Ferrite bead is a passive frequency dependent resi<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Ferrite bead is a passive frequency dependent resistance component, that can suppresses high frequency signals on power supply lines.\n\nI have seen in many industrial products, designed for the EU market and requiring the CE mark, different types of ferrite beads.\n\nThese ferrite components can be very useful and valuable to minimize level of conducted or radiated EMI from electronic device.\n\nOn the one hand, the use of the ferrite bead is useful, but one should be aware of possible anti-resonance peaks, which can cause the resulting impedance profile to violate the target impedance level.\nThese anti-resonance peaks can accur whenever a falling capacitive slope intersects with the rising inductance slope of the bead.\n\nIf the target impedance is low, these peaks can easily violate the target impedance and disrupt the proper operation of the designed electronics.\n\nIt is good to use at least #PSpice to ensure these anti-resonance peaks do not violate the target impedance. In the best case is good to use #field #simulation tools like #Hyperlynx, #ADS or #HFSS where is possible to simulate #PCB layout together with components including ferrite beads.\n\nOn the picture is an example of exactly this case. I found it in an #Altera (#Intel) manual document, that give #powerintegrity tips for any #FPGA .\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting #emcconcept \n#emi #emitroubleshooting #ferritebead #pdn #powerdistributionnetwork\n#powerintegrity #signalintegrity\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17943740875894983\" data-date=\"1652814892\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cdq6dvmrBUB\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/281671964_730393021647524_9122643042972214207_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=102&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=Z298kPWubvsQ7kNvgFzi8Ba&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCV7rmbYOe9s_rg9PA10P0gHe8ZW6Z0zzjEjMzGu2-vjQ&#038;oe=675689F7\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/281671964_730393021647524_9122643042972214207_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Z298kPWubvsQ7kNvgFzi8Ba&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCV7rmbYOe9s_rg9PA10P0gHe8ZW6Z0zzjEjMzGu2-vjQ&amp;oe=675689F7&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/281671964_730393021647524_9122643042972214207_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Z298kPWubvsQ7kNvgFzi8Ba&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCV7rmbYOe9s_rg9PA10P0gHe8ZW6Z0zzjEjMzGu2-vjQ&amp;oe=675689F7&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/281671964_730393021647524_9122643042972214207_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/281671964_730393021647524_9122643042972214207_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Line Impedance Stabilisation Network (LISN).\n.\n.\n.<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Line Impedance Stabilisation Network (LISN).\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #emitroubleshooting #pcb #pcbdesign\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\n#grounding\n#lisn #lineimpedancestabilizationnetwork\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17944102207967516\" data-date=\"1652876293\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cdsvk8-toJ3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/282231286_746507980122146_3739092979062999003_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=104&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=9RsssK6c3vwQ7kNvgGgMJK9&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBw21EeHQCh4vf8ZCBkUqJB4tiFiKtRbd1ytEoCgsLsTA&#038;oe=6756838F\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/282231286_746507980122146_3739092979062999003_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=9RsssK6c3vwQ7kNvgGgMJK9&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBw21EeHQCh4vf8ZCBkUqJB4tiFiKtRbd1ytEoCgsLsTA&amp;oe=6756838F&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/282231286_746507980122146_3739092979062999003_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=9RsssK6c3vwQ7kNvgGgMJK9&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBw21EeHQCh4vf8ZCBkUqJB4tiFiKtRbd1ytEoCgsLsTA&amp;oe=6756838F&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/282231286_746507980122146_3739092979062999003_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/282231286_746507980122146_3739092979062999003_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Near Field vs. Far Field Measurements.\n\r\nIn the ne<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Near Field vs. Far Field Measurements.\n\r\nIn the near field wave impedance depends on the nature of the source and the distance from it. In the far field the impedance is constant.\r\n\r\nWe can see from the pictures that in the near field region fields can range from predominantly magnetic to predominantly electric wave impedance. Near field measurements are used for EMI\/EMC troubleshooting, since they allow one to pinpoint sources of energy and they may be performed without the need for a special test site.\r\n\r\nHowever compliance testing is performed in the far field and predicting far field energy levels from near field measurements can be complicated because the strength of the far field signal is dependent not only on the strength of the source, but also the radiating mechanism as well as any shielding or filtering that may be in place. \n\nAs a rule of thumb we must remember that we if are able to observe a signal in the far field then we should be able to see the same signal in the near field. However it is possible to observe a signal in the near field and not see the same in the far field.\n\nThe pictures from MPS presentation.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #emcdesigner #emitroubleshooting\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\n#hefield #nearfield #farfield\n#mps #tektronix\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17979438139459172\" data-date=\"1642017139\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CYpHYjFLtT_\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/271629873_923993738479669_1860252940125948604_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=suzOiEthBRAQ7kNvgGTGOSE&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYB0W1v4mVP1-6WLLplrhXreKFa3DSI5h2LhBSVJJETaaQ&#038;oe=67568B11\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271629873_923993738479669_1860252940125948604_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=suzOiEthBRAQ7kNvgGTGOSE&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB0W1v4mVP1-6WLLplrhXreKFa3DSI5h2LhBSVJJETaaQ&amp;oe=67568B11&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271629873_923993738479669_1860252940125948604_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=suzOiEthBRAQ7kNvgGTGOSE&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB0W1v4mVP1-6WLLplrhXreKFa3DSI5h2LhBSVJJETaaQ&amp;oe=67568B11&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271629873_923993738479669_1860252940125948604_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271629873_923993738479669_1860252940125948604_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Have you ever used Ethernet interface without any <\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Have you ever used Ethernet interface without any transformers?\n\nIn some special applications, isolation transformer can be a critical component that must be avoided.\n\nIt is good that TI has already analyzed this solution, that is  described in an application note. \n\nThis method can be used  in any configurations like: \nCapacitor-Cable-Capacitor\nTransformer-Cable-Capacitor\nCapacitor-#PCB-Capacitor\n\nThe validation results presented in this application shows that is able to work in a\r\ntransformerless configuration in 10MB and 100MB with error-free operation up to a 120-meter CAT-5 cable.\n\nThis transformer less, simple  solution has no common mode EMI filter that is included in many ethernet interfaces. Therefore, it can cause EMI problems during EMC test.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emi #emitroubleshooting \n#ti #ethernet #emc  #texasinstruments #transformerless\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17986607515440316\" data-date=\"1642763504\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CY_W9n5r5Fb\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/272112204_4857354604355881_905325823113170474_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=YVDcluKL_rIQ7kNvgHkf_Vl&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBsOrvuwpO8F5eV9pqiQAXiUga5WWTXBUiRbSmqQpzvrQ&#038;oe=67568031\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272112204_4857354604355881_905325823113170474_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=YVDcluKL_rIQ7kNvgHkf_Vl&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBsOrvuwpO8F5eV9pqiQAXiUga5WWTXBUiRbSmqQpzvrQ&amp;oe=67568031&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272112204_4857354604355881_905325823113170474_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=YVDcluKL_rIQ7kNvgHkf_Vl&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBsOrvuwpO8F5eV9pqiQAXiUga5WWTXBUiRbSmqQpzvrQ&amp;oe=67568031&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272112204_4857354604355881_905325823113170474_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272112204_4857354604355881_905325823113170474_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nEntertainment System ( #Automotive )\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nA high-speed digital interface on the board had a communication problem. The #PCB was carefully designed with signal integrity in mind. The layout of the high-speed signals on the PCB was developed using a simulation tool.\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nPower Integrity Issue on the board. Noise on the power rail of the #CPU shifts the threshold of high-speed communication ( #FPGA + CPU + #Memory ), thereby compromising the integrity of the High-Speed Signal ( #SI ) on the PCB.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept \n#electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting #signalintegrity\n#powerintegrity\n#pdn #powerdistributionnetwork\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17925215000841782\" data-date=\"1709994765\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/C4S_mXdtv5V\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/432155417_1180257360021812_1821695503990398815_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=OkeDZUvrETMQ7kNvgEGU1Ew&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCkNjlTZjfqR7cRClXN6W00hwzRdYN6dJHpeJEur_Oa1A&#038;oe=67568994\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/432155417_1180257360021812_1821695503990398815_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=OkeDZUvrETMQ7kNvgEGU1Ew&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCkNjlTZjfqR7cRClXN6W00hwzRdYN6dJHpeJEur_Oa1A&amp;oe=67568994&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/432155417_1180257360021812_1821695503990398815_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=OkeDZUvrETMQ7kNvgEGU1Ew&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCkNjlTZjfqR7cRClXN6W00hwzRdYN6dJHpeJEur_Oa1A&amp;oe=67568994&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/432155417_1180257360021812_1821695503990398815_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/432155417_1180257360021812_1821695503990398815_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Narrowband PLL behavior after blowing on VCXO.\nDig<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Narrowband PLL behavior after blowing on VCXO.\nDigital XOR PLL is implemented in FPGA with a passive RC loop filter. VCXO is CVHD-950X-100.000MHz\n\nThis is a part of the Software Defined Radio (SDR).\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconcept #emitroubleshooting \n#analogelectronics #emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility #pll #measurements \n#jitter #oscilloscope #FPGA #vcxo #vco #crystek #sdr\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17972806378888285\" data-date=\"1667214066\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CkYAyZbAeut\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.36329-15\/313283418_659690392283610_685095592604489131_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=jys72LcIriAQ7kNvgG6Y-18&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBlBHasu0332GLtlkfNtKwz9GyMHs1XUgAJJsPg4yzVyQ&#038;oe=67566B96\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/313283418_659690392283610_685095592604489131_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=jys72LcIriAQ7kNvgG6Y-18&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBlBHasu0332GLtlkfNtKwz9GyMHs1XUgAJJsPg4yzVyQ&amp;oe=67566B96&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/313283418_659690392283610_685095592604489131_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=jys72LcIriAQ7kNvgG6Y-18&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBlBHasu0332GLtlkfNtKwz9GyMHs1XUgAJJsPg4yzVyQ&amp;oe=67566B96&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313413383_167235615910616_3673897769929203405_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313413383_167235615910616_3673897769929203405_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a mathematical modulation \/ demodulation m<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a mathematical modulation \/ demodulation model for the RF SDR (Software Defined Radio) transceiver from my previous posts.\n\nI took an audio file with a pleasant &quot;I don&#039;t understand&quot; female voice, modulated this signal using AM-DSB and AM-SSB modulation (IQ signals), and then upconverted it to a few MHz.\n\nThe received signal was then downconverted (IQ signals) and demodulated with a different frequency offset.\n\nThis mathematical algorithm will be implemented in an #FPGA.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#radioelectronics\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver #sdr #hamradio #radioamateur\n#softwaredefinedradio \n#matlab #ssb #dsb #am\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17901494435501150\" data-date=\"1651305238\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cc97BvhN_SM\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/279580651_752670625897385_6053054722572968821_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=111&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=Kw-akZ1ZvkoQ7kNvgHw5iC8&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYAgwXsq1UojA2aiHRZKaRaSDR3-b0EukYeaca7TLbk3eg&#038;oe=67569544\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/279580651_752670625897385_6053054722572968821_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Kw-akZ1ZvkoQ7kNvgHw5iC8&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAgwXsq1UojA2aiHRZKaRaSDR3-b0EukYeaca7TLbk3eg&amp;oe=67569544&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/279580651_752670625897385_6053054722572968821_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Kw-akZ1ZvkoQ7kNvgHw5iC8&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAgwXsq1UojA2aiHRZKaRaSDR3-b0EukYeaca7TLbk3eg&amp;oe=67569544&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/279580651_752670625897385_6053054722572968821_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/279580651_752670625897385_6053054722572968821_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an example of a cable ground and shield co<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an example of a cable ground and shield connection between external devices with LVDS signals.\n\nThese methods should be used to reduce radiated electromagnetic interference (EMI) and increase the susceptibility (Immunity) of the system.\n\nIn fact, just one resistor\/capacitor can greatly reduce EMI, prevent ground loop, make the system work and save time.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting\n#emcconsulting #lvds\n#signalintegrity #gnd #groundingconcepts \n#shielding #cable\n#groundloop \n#resistor #capacitor\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18212464876136097\" data-date=\"1643966635\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CZjNwNdrSaY\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/258854670_1018787232316041_7859762147205387421_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=107&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=BTHDzMGSGW0Q7kNvgGzYfcE&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDMIWK6w6e650l5NvuUtspWxjdxx08EKin724sovMT7Jw&#038;oe=67568A92\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/258854670_1018787232316041_7859762147205387421_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=BTHDzMGSGW0Q7kNvgGzYfcE&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDMIWK6w6e650l5NvuUtspWxjdxx08EKin724sovMT7Jw&amp;oe=67568A92&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/258854670_1018787232316041_7859762147205387421_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=BTHDzMGSGW0Q7kNvgGzYfcE&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDMIWK6w6e650l5NvuUtspWxjdxx08EKin724sovMT7Jw&amp;oe=67568A92&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/258854670_1018787232316041_7859762147205387421_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/258854670_1018787232316041_7859762147205387421_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Installed TFT Displays on DE1-SoC (FPGA +ARM) Deve<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Installed TFT Displays on DE1-SoC (FPGA +ARM) Development Kit.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsengineering #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #digitalelectronics #highspeedcircuit\n#fpga #altera #cyclone #intel #terasic\n#tft #tftdisplay\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17966633543619662\" data-date=\"1717172252\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/C7o6YxptmMu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/447040589_1055731109439048_136232728490393277_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=_7PemWtGyvEQ7kNvgHTO1zb&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYAMnCxUO1mjMdyFaXetioEwy2ECfEewvkrjVAYa4HbboA&#038;oe=675692CA\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/447040589_1055731109439048_136232728490393277_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=_7PemWtGyvEQ7kNvgHTO1zb&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAMnCxUO1mjMdyFaXetioEwy2ECfEewvkrjVAYa4HbboA&amp;oe=675692CA&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/447040589_1055731109439048_136232728490393277_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=_7PemWtGyvEQ7kNvgHTO1zb&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAMnCxUO1mjMdyFaXetioEwy2ECfEewvkrjVAYa4HbboA&amp;oe=675692CA&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/447040589_1055731109439048_136232728490393277_n.heiclow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/447040589_1055731109439048_136232728490393277_n.heicfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A very interesting new solution from Murata...\n\nAn<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A very interesting new solution from Murata...\n\nAn L Cancel Transformer (LCT) is a component that greatly suppresses noise in high-frequency bands by reducing the ESL generated inside capacitors and the ESL generated in boards when used together with a decoupling capacitor. The L Cancel Transformer (LCT) is outstandingly effective in suppressing harmonic noise of several MHz to 1 GHz in power lines caused by DC-DC converters and other components.\r\n\r\nAn L Cancel Capacitor (LCT) can improve the noise elimination performance of decoupling capacitors. Accordingly, noise suppression becomes possible with a smaller number of MLCCs. It also becomes possible to cut the number of small-capacity MLCCs and other components to reduce harmonic noise.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#murata\n#powersupply\n#powerintegrity\n#pdn #powerdistributionnetwork\n#emc #emi #emv #electromagneticcompatibility \n#emitroubleshooting\n#lowpassfilter #damping #dcdcconverter\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17924052569534620\" data-date=\"1673790755\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CncB9adq5QL\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.36329-15\/325564501_192346083400268_5691462108857318179_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=17XAjLjAsfEQ7kNvgEl99zk&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBBqKbkSI8KIGnYvn3y5wSNbiiyR8-GfXTSN3x8z1v2Xw&#038;oe=6756716B\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/325564501_192346083400268_5691462108857318179_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=17XAjLjAsfEQ7kNvgEl99zk&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBBqKbkSI8KIGnYvn3y5wSNbiiyR8-GfXTSN3x8z1v2Xw&amp;oe=6756716B&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/325564501_192346083400268_5691462108857318179_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=17XAjLjAsfEQ7kNvgEl99zk&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBBqKbkSI8KIGnYvn3y5wSNbiiyR8-GfXTSN3x8z1v2Xw&amp;oe=6756716B&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/325184712_697842605121868_5330108638084945528_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/325184712_697842605121868_5330108638084945528_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The optical quadrature encoder has also a bouncing<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The optical quadrature encoder has also a bouncing problem. The digital  debouncer filter was used to solve this problem. I tested my #VHDL code, which will be used in my Software Defined Radio (SDR) hobby project.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#bouncing #fpga #Intel #terasic\n#radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver #dimming #opticalencoder #vhdl\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17970939661780430\" data-date=\"1667650297\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CklCCPCgw-n\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.36329-15\/313934297_3334076163520589_3979217218498971930_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=p6wOaQA-PlgQ7kNvgFsFym-&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYB7SvFaFIQp7WhUUgPzb5SvV0sofHUsV8dNh_98tgLcIQ&#038;oe=67566E47\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/313934297_3334076163520589_3979217218498971930_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=p6wOaQA-PlgQ7kNvgFsFym-&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB7SvFaFIQp7WhUUgPzb5SvV0sofHUsV8dNh_98tgLcIQ&amp;oe=67566E47&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/313934297_3334076163520589_3979217218498971930_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=p6wOaQA-PlgQ7kNvgFsFym-&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB7SvFaFIQp7WhUUgPzb5SvV0sofHUsV8dNh_98tgLcIQ&amp;oe=67566E47&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313815657_642852757564496_8452213409865739871_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313815657_642852757564496_8452213409865739871_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Ettus USRP N210 inside - SDR transceiver.\n.\n.\n.\n#s<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Ettus USRP N210 inside - SDR transceiver.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #sdr #pcb #rf #fpga #ettus #usrp\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18000190219429662\" data-date=\"1651820121\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CdNRFrkNuTt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/280126456_4730746333698662_8275300469619085035_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=104&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=8BdSe0vWFG8Q7kNvgFy0TP7&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYADJVj4SbZjrihDEpnRWHyBzMtp7tj2ktp_P4BtLBL8Rw&#038;oe=67566B9D\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280126456_4730746333698662_8275300469619085035_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=8BdSe0vWFG8Q7kNvgFy0TP7&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYADJVj4SbZjrihDEpnRWHyBzMtp7tj2ktp_P4BtLBL8Rw&amp;oe=67566B9D&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280126456_4730746333698662_8275300469619085035_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=8BdSe0vWFG8Q7kNvgFy0TP7&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYADJVj4SbZjrihDEpnRWHyBzMtp7tj2ktp_P4BtLBL8Rw&amp;oe=67566B9D&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280126456_4730746333698662_8275300469619085035_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280126456_4730746333698662_8275300469619085035_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nComputer Module of a Vending Machine.\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nThe pre-compliance test for EMI Radiated Emission failed by around 6-8 dB in the 120 MHz range.\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nThere was a signal integrity problem of the high speed interfaces which caused the EMI problem.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept \n#electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting\n#highspeedsignal\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17949756709711688\" data-date=\"1644152968\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/tv\/CZoxGQiAQNI\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/273462966_616655422770482_7349039700733966796_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=bHo3qfTYkYwQ7kNvgELBXj3&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDiJ4sAgvyNy39tvPBpNhtJCfz_-SA7SrbAgCrjdxv3Ow&#038;oe=67566F97\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273462966_616655422770482_7349039700733966796_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=bHo3qfTYkYwQ7kNvgELBXj3&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDiJ4sAgvyNy39tvPBpNhtJCfz_-SA7SrbAgCrjdxv3Ow&amp;oe=67566F97&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273462966_616655422770482_7349039700733966796_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=bHo3qfTYkYwQ7kNvgELBXj3&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDiJ4sAgvyNy39tvPBpNhtJCfz_-SA7SrbAgCrjdxv3Ow&amp;oe=67566F97&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273462966_616655422770482_7349039700733966796_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273462966_616655422770482_7349039700733966796_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The VCXO on my PCB works and can be received by a <\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The VCXO on my PCB works and can be received by a supported SDR Play receiver.\n\n------------------\u2010-----------------------\nThe project is an RF Analog Front End, which will be connected to an #FPGA board \n(See my previous posts)\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects #hardware #electronicdesign #circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #radioelectronics \n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #sdr\n#rf #analogfrontend #sdrplay\n#electronicmeasurement #vcxo\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17880791567544193\" data-date=\"1643041274\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CZHoxDQtHyI\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/272394358_1308012079713564_3573072867510259166_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=ACdATvT7Lf4Q7kNvgF23clH&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYD1VjrHPsd1FYq1ByyIip96UtJVZkk36hFklzx-zmVv_g&#038;oe=67566D24\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272394358_1308012079713564_3573072867510259166_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ACdATvT7Lf4Q7kNvgF23clH&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD1VjrHPsd1FYq1ByyIip96UtJVZkk36hFklzx-zmVv_g&amp;oe=67566D24&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272394358_1308012079713564_3573072867510259166_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ACdATvT7Lf4Q7kNvgF23clH&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD1VjrHPsd1FYq1ByyIip96UtJVZkk36hFklzx-zmVv_g&amp;oe=67566D24&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272394358_1308012079713564_3573072867510259166_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272394358_1308012079713564_3573072867510259166_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a protected printed circuit board using pl<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a protected printed circuit board using plexiglass cut on a CNC machine.(see my previous posts)\n\n------------------\u2010-----------------------\nThe project is an RF Analog Front End, which will be connected to an #FPGA board \n(See my previous posts)\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects #hardware #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#altium\n#altiumdesigner \n#radioelectronics \n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #sdr\n#rf\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17884208429599927\" data-date=\"1642068087\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CYqoj5DNlV8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/271832358_1625245014475918_2878306491706935806_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=xBJodNOOWmYQ7kNvgHocHAy&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBMuwKFGDnghcRXMx3KI3kaYufLk9uaXfb4FkZNq4ANpA&#038;oe=6756946F\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271832358_1625245014475918_2878306491706935806_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=xBJodNOOWmYQ7kNvgHocHAy&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBMuwKFGDnghcRXMx3KI3kaYufLk9uaXfb4FkZNq4ANpA&amp;oe=6756946F&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271832358_1625245014475918_2878306491706935806_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=xBJodNOOWmYQ7kNvgHocHAy&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBMuwKFGDnghcRXMx3KI3kaYufLk9uaXfb4FkZNq4ANpA&amp;oe=6756946F&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271832358_1625245014475918_2878306491706935806_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271832358_1625245014475918_2878306491706935806_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Side view on the PCB.\n------------------\u2010-------<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Side view on the PCB.\n------------------\u2010-----------------------\nThe project is an RF Analog Front End, which will be connected to an #FPGA board \n(See my previous posts)\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects #hardware #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#altium\n#altiumdesigner \n#radioelectronics \n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #sdr\n#w\u00fcrthelektronik #rf\n#shielding #analogfrontend  #texasinstruments\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17959705151259099\" data-date=\"1679608976\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CqJcGOxgcEJ\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.36329-15\/337311181_231516916073576_590083564157753735_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=jqQgzqvDP3AQ7kNvgG1fmon&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBoL3DT_mh9fJuG8hjZrm5hhfpC_AHEyQfgpYY49exQ0A&#038;oe=67566FC6\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/337311181_231516916073576_590083564157753735_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=jqQgzqvDP3AQ7kNvgG1fmon&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBoL3DT_mh9fJuG8hjZrm5hhfpC_AHEyQfgpYY49exQ0A&amp;oe=67566FC6&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/337311181_231516916073576_590083564157753735_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=jqQgzqvDP3AQ7kNvgG1fmon&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBoL3DT_mh9fJuG8hjZrm5hhfpC_AHEyQfgpYY49exQ0A&amp;oe=67566FC6&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/337389924_889656982329933_3109297709193232225_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/337389924_889656982329933_3109297709193232225_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Locking the phase lock loop (PLL) from my previous<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Locking the phase lock loop (PLL) from my previous posts.\r\n\r\nThe #VHDL code will be used in my Software Defined Radio (SDR) hobby project.\r\n.\r\n.\n.\r\n#spelex #altera\r#fpga #Intel #terasic\r#radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone\r#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics\r#rfdesign #sdr #hamradio #radioamateur #pll #vcxo\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17978947606460871\" data-date=\"1642334345\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CYykaA9tiiH\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/271997743_210416254558534_1625618900162624271_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=Fawdd6xoMakQ7kNvgHlxJ_2&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYAs3eTfbKEKgdKmKCyDdZofyHXCO0LiYsPxcpyYbcHePA&#038;oe=6756A342\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271997743_210416254558534_1625618900162624271_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Fawdd6xoMakQ7kNvgHlxJ_2&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAs3eTfbKEKgdKmKCyDdZofyHXCO0LiYsPxcpyYbcHePA&amp;oe=6756A342&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271997743_210416254558534_1625618900162624271_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Fawdd6xoMakQ7kNvgHlxJ_2&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAs3eTfbKEKgdKmKCyDdZofyHXCO0LiYsPxcpyYbcHePA&amp;oe=6756A342&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271997743_210416254558534_1625618900162624271_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271997743_210416254558534_1625618900162624271_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a side view of my latest PCB.\n\nThe project<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a side view of my latest PCB.\n\nThe project is an RF Analog Front End, that can be used for different purposes, for example SDR (Software Defined Radio).\n------------\u2010----------------------------\nThe design consist of:\n- Digital RF Attenuator\n- 7order RF Low Pass Filter\n- RF Low Noise Amplifier\n- Differential RF Anti-Aliasing Filter\n- ADC 16bits\/105MSPS (LTC2217)\n- Bus Driver - 16bits \n- DAC 14bits - 275MSPS (DAC5672)\n- Reconstraction RF LPF\n- RF Power Amplifier \n- Low Jitter VCXO 100MHz\n- Low Noise Voltage regulators\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #altium\n#altiumdesigner \n#radioelectronics \n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17843442770942901\" data-date=\"1676846008\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/Co3FR6UAoml\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.36329-15\/332215165_555361919905068_5576633151360930764_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=6iJ0nEK4zQwQ7kNvgFYXwMa&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDltEn_fZYj3qmKtFrvCZvYhmrj_61E8dLue0TG8ag16Q&#038;oe=67568F42\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/332215165_555361919905068_5576633151360930764_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=6iJ0nEK4zQwQ7kNvgFYXwMa&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDltEn_fZYj3qmKtFrvCZvYhmrj_61E8dLue0TG8ag16Q&amp;oe=67568F42&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/332215165_555361919905068_5576633151360930764_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=6iJ0nEK4zQwQ7kNvgFYXwMa&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDltEn_fZYj3qmKtFrvCZvYhmrj_61E8dLue0TG8ag16Q&amp;oe=67568F42&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/332004911_3412736009001161_2837867321286392055_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/332004911_3412736009001161_2837867321286392055_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The controller of a Numerical Control Oscillator (<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The controller of a Numerical Control Oscillator (NCO) is designed. It allows the setting of the frequency in the binary format 28 bits using an optical encoder and two buttons. The buttons can be used to change the encoder step. (1KHz, 100KHz and 1MHz) The set frequency is then decoded to a decimal format to display it. The first two digits of the 7 Segments are the megahertz range.\n\nThe LEDs below the digits are the implementation of the logarithmic RSSI indicator with some test values. The input of the RSSI is connected to the output of the NCO only for test purposes.\r\n\r\nI tested my #VHDL code, which will be used in my Software Defined Radio (SDR) hobby project.\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\r#altiumdesigner #fpga #Intel #terasic\r#radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone\r#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver #pwm #dimming #7segment\r#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\r#hamradio #radioamateur #nco\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17916908264686893\" data-date=\"1677366788\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CpGnfT5tTss\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/332914909_159445270228220_7760605860810764931_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=a1TyWy7hLEAQ7kNvgH52aGT&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYAdnYRZomuGEDxGVXkzB68rGExlwSvVopAecujZJVPLcA&#038;oe=675687D5\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/332914909_159445270228220_7760605860810764931_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=a1TyWy7hLEAQ7kNvgH52aGT&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAdnYRZomuGEDxGVXkzB68rGExlwSvVopAecujZJVPLcA&amp;oe=675687D5&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/332914909_159445270228220_7760605860810764931_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=a1TyWy7hLEAQ7kNvgH52aGT&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAdnYRZomuGEDxGVXkzB68rGExlwSvVopAecujZJVPLcA&amp;oe=675687D5&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/332914909_159445270228220_7760605860810764931_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/332914909_159445270228220_7760605860810764931_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This figure shows what to do with the ground plane<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This figure shows what to do with the ground plane under the #DC blocking capacitors in the #high-speed interface circuit.\r\n\r\nThe plane underneath the pads of DC blocking capacitors should be removed, as highlighted in the\rfollowing figure, to match the impedance of the pad and maintain signal integrity.\r\n\r\nThe picture is from the RTG4 #FPGA Datasheet (#Microsemi \/ #Microchip)\r\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex #emcconcept #emitroubleshooting #pcb #pcbdesign #digitalelectronics #digitalelectronics #electronics #emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility #grounding #groundingconcept #groundbouncing #signalintegrity\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17918108231284981\" data-date=\"1642673077\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CY8ovNzII1S\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/272119661_475957104247831_1647072091580495149_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=PNfcY6QxGAUQ7kNvgEVbUt2&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYClSe1FQTLX3dBBjnrtnAZ7EridyvfiIBLYFPJiMjYyBg&#038;oe=67569255\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272119661_475957104247831_1647072091580495149_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=PNfcY6QxGAUQ7kNvgEVbUt2&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYClSe1FQTLX3dBBjnrtnAZ7EridyvfiIBLYFPJiMjYyBg&amp;oe=67569255&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272119661_475957104247831_1647072091580495149_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=PNfcY6QxGAUQ7kNvgEVbUt2&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYClSe1FQTLX3dBBjnrtnAZ7EridyvfiIBLYFPJiMjYyBg&amp;oe=67569255&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272119661_475957104247831_1647072091580495149_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272119661_475957104247831_1647072091580495149_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a quick check, if an RF chain with an #ADC<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a quick check, if an RF chain with an #ADC work. Namely, that the ADC sees filtered and amplified signal.\n\nThe performance test will be done in the lab, but after the fist start, during commitioning, it is good to know that modules at least work.\n\nIt is necessary to check this functionality without connecting to a digital board and programming an FPGA.\n\nThe external #oscillator generate a signal, that I couple with a help of my hand to an RF input. The blue LED is a part of the circuit that catches and hold overflow events of an ADC on the board.\n------------------\u2010-----------------------\nThe project is an RF Analog Front End, which will be connected to an #FPGA board \n(See my previous posts)\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects #hardware #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#radioelectronics \n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #sdr\n#rf\n#analogfrontend \n#electronicmeasurement #led #leds\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17936686241027244\" data-date=\"1650095598\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CcZ30nFttz6\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/278543034_1142097379914134_972486334908005_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=107&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=ScVuA18GJjMQ7kNvgFcuCg5&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCdFOak4E_IhhWrE0L3W-hwyw6-7kCMEfOKeuAwgCBWYg&#038;oe=67568889\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278543034_1142097379914134_972486334908005_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ScVuA18GJjMQ7kNvgFcuCg5&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCdFOak4E_IhhWrE0L3W-hwyw6-7kCMEfOKeuAwgCBWYg&amp;oe=67568889&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278543034_1142097379914134_972486334908005_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ScVuA18GJjMQ7kNvgFcuCg5&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCdFOak4E_IhhWrE0L3W-hwyw6-7kCMEfOKeuAwgCBWYg&amp;oe=67568889&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278543034_1142097379914134_972486334908005_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278543034_1142097379914134_972486334908005_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The project is an RF SDR tranceiver (Software Defi<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The project is an RF SDR tranceiver (Software Defined Radio).\n------------\u2010----------------------------\nThe RF design consist of:\n- Digital RF Attenuator\n- 7order RF Low Pass Filter\n- RF Low Noise Amplifier\n- Differential RF Anti-Aliasing Filter\n- ADC 16bits\/105MSPS (LTC2217)\n- Bus Driver - 16bits \n- DAC 14bits - 275MSPS (DAC5672)\n- Reconstraction RF LPF\n- RF Power Amplifier \n- Low Jitter VCXO 100MHz\n- Low Noise Voltage regulators\n\u2010-----------------------------------------\nThe digital board is an EVB from Terasic DE1-SOC with the Intel FPGA \nCyclone V.\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #altium\n#altiumdesigner #fpga #Intel #terasic\n#radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\n#printedcircuitboard\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17953953251281135\" data-date=\"1676322784\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CongNWPrPXn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/330397965_492805626356888_5712824639539383595_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=107&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=Z_bCeSX3ekAQ7kNvgFMDMP_&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYB_oBDw4RNSXLvfj59w_SepbJ3Fw4fsEeRznmTK3Yukfw&#038;oe=67567BA4\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/330397965_492805626356888_5712824639539383595_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Z_bCeSX3ekAQ7kNvgFMDMP_&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB_oBDw4RNSXLvfj59w_SepbJ3Fw4fsEeRznmTK3Yukfw&amp;oe=67567BA4&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/330397965_492805626356888_5712824639539383595_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Z_bCeSX3ekAQ7kNvgFMDMP_&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB_oBDw4RNSXLvfj59w_SepbJ3Fw4fsEeRznmTK3Yukfw&amp;oe=67567BA4&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/330397965_492805626356888_5712824639539383595_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/330397965_492805626356888_5712824639539383595_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Any clocked interfaces are a source of potential e<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Any clocked interfaces are a source of potential electromagnetic interference (EMI). The EMC problem may not arise if all circuit and PCB design rules are followed. \r\n\r\nIf it is not possible to make a redesign, it is possible to reduce the level of interference by turning off clock of SPI interface.\r\nThis can be done if it doesn&#039;t need frequently update the parameters of the connected SPI devices.\r\n\r\nI designed SPI Master driver, where I can select between the burst mode and update mode.\r\n\r\nBurst mode - clock is enabled and sending always the data to MOSI.\n\r\nUpdate mode - the clock and MOSI will be active only if the previous sent data is different to the actual.\r\n\r\nThis SPI diver was developed using the VHDL language for FPGAs in my hobby project Software Defined Radio (SDR).\n\r\nReal tests of the EMI levels (for the two SPI modes) and their impact on the received and demodulated signal will be shown in the following posts.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex #emi #emc #emv #electromagneticcompatibility  #electronicsprojects #fpga #radioelectronics #analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #trx #tranceiver #receiver #spi #vhdl #sdr #hamradio #radioamateur #modelsim\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17907186914295698\" data-date=\"1643278307\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CZOsoZooA5Y\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/272720042_1765400520328777_7162054649730922857_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=kgYCruktP-YQ7kNvgGdF-hS&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDxJyy_2KmJLS2KdMAfODNXacsY8NU0PY0oVsSOkH70JQ&#038;oe=67569D07\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272720042_1765400520328777_7162054649730922857_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=kgYCruktP-YQ7kNvgGdF-hS&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDxJyy_2KmJLS2KdMAfODNXacsY8NU0PY0oVsSOkH70JQ&amp;oe=67569D07&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272720042_1765400520328777_7162054649730922857_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=kgYCruktP-YQ7kNvgGdF-hS&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDxJyy_2KmJLS2KdMAfODNXacsY8NU0PY0oVsSOkH70JQ&amp;oe=67569D07&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272720042_1765400520328777_7162054649730922857_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272720042_1765400520328777_7162054649730922857_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">How can we calculate a total power consumption and<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"How can we calculate a total power consumption and efficiency during electronic design phase? How can we warn about the overload of some power components?\n\nThere are many different possibilities that begin from paper and pen, Excel table and up to special development tool.\n\nI almost always use Excel tablets, but I have found another tool that can help in system power design of any projects, especially if there are many different voltages.\n\nThis is LT Power Planner tool from Analog Devices. it is an interesting and visual tool that is easy to use. It can be used regardless of the component manufacturers, but it can be more useful in a detailed analysis if you use chips from AD.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #analogdevices #lineartechnology #ltpowerplanner #electricaldesign #digitalelectronics #analogelectronics\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17890528556507675\" data-date=\"1643897558\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CZhJ_-3tgpx\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/273243498_343075037693831_2772342310715461792_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=LwtsmyRrdMgQ7kNvgGZUuuz&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYB3pi274DzKE8nRs_IBcUve2gOmUyD3z5-X-1NQRNbeLA&#038;oe=675696D5\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273243498_343075037693831_2772342310715461792_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=LwtsmyRrdMgQ7kNvgGZUuuz&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB3pi274DzKE8nRs_IBcUve2gOmUyD3z5-X-1NQRNbeLA&amp;oe=675696D5&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273243498_343075037693831_2772342310715461792_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=LwtsmyRrdMgQ7kNvgGZUuuz&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB3pi274DzKE8nRs_IBcUve2gOmUyD3z5-X-1NQRNbeLA&amp;oe=675696D5&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273243498_343075037693831_2772342310715461792_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273243498_343075037693831_2772342310715461792_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an amazing free simulation tool: QUCS (Qui<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an amazing free simulation tool: QUCS (Quite Universal Circuit Simulator)\n\nIt is able to simulate not only Spice models, but also S-parameters.\n\nI have checked different Free RF simulators, but didn&#039;t find a Stability simulation. QUCS can do this and many other interesting analysis.\n\nI started using it during the development of the RF Power Amplifier. \n\nI will check during prototyping if it simulates correctly.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #rf #rfamplifier #simulation\n#qucs #sparameters\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17981290606496230\" data-date=\"1649530250\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CcJBgdgr-rg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/278065730_478881434021619_8325401761433510921_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=108&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=ti_gP636duEQ7kNvgFJU7G4&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDGEoRLssQGNapG1Ysa9BnXKWBURqwQvb5kpAE4JvYPng&#038;oe=67568867\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278065730_478881434021619_8325401761433510921_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ti_gP636duEQ7kNvgFJU7G4&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDGEoRLssQGNapG1Ysa9BnXKWBURqwQvb5kpAE4JvYPng&amp;oe=67568867&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278065730_478881434021619_8325401761433510921_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ti_gP636duEQ7kNvgFJU7G4&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDGEoRLssQGNapG1Ysa9BnXKWBURqwQvb5kpAE4JvYPng&amp;oe=67568867&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278065730_478881434021619_8325401761433510921_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278065730_478881434021619_8325401761433510921_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">These are fotos of the Analog Output Module APAX-5<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"These are fotos of the Analog Output Module APAX-5028 from #Advantech company.\n\nThis high-precision (14 bit) module is used in industrial automation and, of course, complies with EMC - CE and FCC Class A certifications.\n\nSee how it&#039;s designed...\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting\n#electromagneticcompatibility \n#emcconsulting \n#pcb #printedcircuitboard \n#automation\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17949286892021607\" data-date=\"1657477430\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cf13jGfLvKj\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/292849151_435746594900626_6613896485363065927_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=107&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=DBTAa4QgaioQ7kNvgHe0Htb&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDTUONOgGfvjE6H_eDJoTUQacZ24WBm_Z17VaUqO6KWEg&#038;oe=67567893\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/292849151_435746594900626_6613896485363065927_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=DBTAa4QgaioQ7kNvgHe0Htb&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDTUONOgGfvjE6H_eDJoTUQacZ24WBm_Z17VaUqO6KWEg&amp;oe=67567893&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/292849151_435746594900626_6613896485363065927_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=DBTAa4QgaioQ7kNvgHe0Htb&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDTUONOgGfvjE6H_eDJoTUQacZ24WBm_Z17VaUqO6KWEg&amp;oe=67567893&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/292849151_435746594900626_6613896485363065927_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/292849151_435746594900626_6613896485363065927_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an RF load + Attenuator from Minicircuits.<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an RF load + Attenuator from Minicircuits. \n\nBW-N20W20+\n\nRF load - 20W, DC-18 GHz\nRF Attenuator - 20 dB\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emitroubleshooting #rf #attenuator  #load #radioelectronics\n#analogelectronics\n#rfdesign #microwave #rfengineering\n#emc #emv #electromagneticcompatibility\n#minicircuits\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17939644795767114\" data-date=\"1644589104\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CZ1xBIkt_8a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/273817547_3309896022626386_2372008017871910048_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=102&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=gBPBR-TZRvYQ7kNvgEgzXHY&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYATocjgstnZrhJiSiio_jN0BfWHYOrZIn1HblQ74o2GmQ&#038;oe=67567C9A\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273817547_3309896022626386_2372008017871910048_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=gBPBR-TZRvYQ7kNvgEgzXHY&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYATocjgstnZrhJiSiio_jN0BfWHYOrZIn1HblQ74o2GmQ&amp;oe=67567C9A&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273817547_3309896022626386_2372008017871910048_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=gBPBR-TZRvYQ7kNvgEgzXHY&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYATocjgstnZrhJiSiio_jN0BfWHYOrZIn1HblQ74o2GmQ&amp;oe=67567C9A&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273817547_3309896022626386_2372008017871910048_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273817547_3309896022626386_2372008017871910048_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">I have build this RF adapter to compensate gain ch<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"I have build this RF adapter to compensate gain changes over frequency in a wideband RF amplifier.\nThe whole chain is used for amplification of a high speed digital (Baseband) signal in an RF communication system.\n\nAn RF chain with three RF amplifiers from #Minicircuits has a total gain around \n45 dB in bandwidth 10MHz - 2000MHz, but the amplification changes around 12dB. \n\nThe present adapter consist of RC filter and reduces gain variation over frequency from 12dB to 2.0dB. This changes allow to have a quiet constant amplitude of the digital signal for required data rate.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #rf #smaadapter #sma #amplifier #gaincompensation\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18027339049360597\" data-date=\"1649097465\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cb8ICMjr8NT\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/277840619_3185978295024655_1714383862961805291_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=104&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=v2xD21WhZf4Q7kNvgHbq8m0&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCQ_tdMma2zgdQ1oDtcn-RRv9Z0qtdVhFqPSZoOmj5kBQ&#038;oe=67566DA3\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/277840619_3185978295024655_1714383862961805291_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=v2xD21WhZf4Q7kNvgHbq8m0&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCQ_tdMma2zgdQ1oDtcn-RRv9Z0qtdVhFqPSZoOmj5kBQ&amp;oe=67566DA3&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/277840619_3185978295024655_1714383862961805291_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=v2xD21WhZf4Q7kNvgHbq8m0&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCQ_tdMma2zgdQ1oDtcn-RRv9Z0qtdVhFqPSZoOmj5kBQ&amp;oe=67566DA3&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/277840619_3185978295024655_1714383862961805291_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/277840619_3185978295024655_1714383862961805291_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nSecurity System.\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nIncorrect operation of the system due to \u201emagic\u201d disturbances related to the weather. The system was in the production phase. The requirement was to learn from the issues in the current release, implementing fixes and increasing quality in the subsequent release.\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nIncorrect system behaviour due to problems with ESD Immunity at input\/output signals.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept \n#electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17930353616067767\" data-date=\"1644688873\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CZ4vT-MLHfp\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/273859459_617766579319752_6975238446485423527_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=109&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=iNOIVMsVaBgQ7kNvgG8GCdP&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYD-jmwIBdfwT6YeOhNk6u5_EtKLFHEUGaIhR2RsA4JlVw&#038;oe=67568872\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273859459_617766579319752_6975238446485423527_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=iNOIVMsVaBgQ7kNvgG8GCdP&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD-jmwIBdfwT6YeOhNk6u5_EtKLFHEUGaIhR2RsA4JlVw&amp;oe=67568872&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273859459_617766579319752_6975238446485423527_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=iNOIVMsVaBgQ7kNvgG8GCdP&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD-jmwIBdfwT6YeOhNk6u5_EtKLFHEUGaIhR2RsA4JlVw&amp;oe=67568872&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273859459_617766579319752_6975238446485423527_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273859459_617766579319752_6975238446485423527_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">These are interesting experiments, that explains h<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"These are interesting experiments, that explains how many GND vias need to be placed around vias that carry differential signal when changing PCB layers.\n\nThere are no pure differential signals in our real world and any practical differential signals also contains a certain part of common mode signal.\nWhen a common signal passes in the signal vias the currents flow in the vias in the same direction and have an identical amplitude. The electromagnetic fields that the vias radiate interfere with fields of the differential signal and radiation losses of the target signal might be grater than in case of pure differential signal.\n\nYou can see from the pictures, that losses less than 5% for the following cases (rule of thumb):\nUp to 5 GHz, without any GND vias\nUp to 30 GHz, with 2 GND vias.\nUp to 35 GHz, with 6 GND vias.\nUp to 50 GHz, with 8 GND vias.\n\n(GND vias are the vias that placed around the vias with differential signals)\n\nI got this information from the latest issue of the Signal Integrity online magazine. (Signal Integrity Journal)\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting\n#emcconsulting #lvds\n#pcb #differentialsignals #printedcircuitboard #via\n#signalintegrity #signalintegrityjournal \n#highspeedcircuit #highspeedsignal\n#highspeeddata\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17940320932804296\" data-date=\"1642854712\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CZCEy4hIZ62\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/272194934_438936121253214_6781569715898420614_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=FRLjg6YVshkQ7kNvgF2vrc9&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBbG556TiDAVcC7TGtmgag4tUwcyTlj91cOmO_dybLEVQ&#038;oe=675690CF\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272194934_438936121253214_6781569715898420614_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=FRLjg6YVshkQ7kNvgF2vrc9&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBbG556TiDAVcC7TGtmgag4tUwcyTlj91cOmO_dybLEVQ&amp;oe=675690CF&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272194934_438936121253214_6781569715898420614_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=FRLjg6YVshkQ7kNvgF2vrc9&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBbG556TiDAVcC7TGtmgag4tUwcyTlj91cOmO_dybLEVQ&amp;oe=675690CF&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272194934_438936121253214_6781569715898420614_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272194934_438936121253214_6781569715898420614_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This interesting PCB simulation video shows how cl<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This interesting PCB simulation video shows how close placed vias to differential high speed traces can affect other traces (crosstalk).\n\nThere is a 3W rule of thumb for high-speed differential signals like LVDS and other. Follow this rule, without any simulations, the signal integrity will not eliminate signal integrity and EMI from these traces will be minimal. \n\nI have seen, during EMI troubleshooting, many digital PCB designs without following this rule of thumb. The signal integrity was fine, up to some frequencies (data rate) and the devices were working fine in a wide temperature range. The LVDS is a pretty reliable interface, which can forgive many errors. \n\nBreaking the symmetry of an LVDS trace due to not following a rule of thumb, creates reflections, changes the skew between P and N in a differential trace, and generates EMI.\n\nBut these generated EMI will be detected only during EMC tests, that is too late. And new PCB design spin will be started... spending money...\n\nI took this video from the Simbeor YouTube channel. (Crosstalk between differential strips and vias)\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting\n#emcconsulting #lvds\n#simbeor\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18213441796113270\" data-date=\"1642150510\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CYtFxRKtQwI\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/271786020_353703259536206_8449622636226506569_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=v46HFzyXAU8Q7kNvgHpTSvH&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYC_63kI9xwfpRMvgUXKLUGU7RcjGXVMGQuDQs208a4ioA&#038;oe=67567B1E\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271786020_353703259536206_8449622636226506569_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=v46HFzyXAU8Q7kNvgHpTSvH&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYC_63kI9xwfpRMvgUXKLUGU7RcjGXVMGQuDQs208a4ioA&amp;oe=67567B1E&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271786020_353703259536206_8449622636226506569_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=v46HFzyXAU8Q7kNvgHpTSvH&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYC_63kI9xwfpRMvgUXKLUGU7RcjGXVMGQuDQs208a4ioA&amp;oe=67567B1E&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271786020_353703259536206_8449622636226506569_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271786020_353703259536206_8449622636226506569_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nVibration Analysis and Multi-Channel Data Acquisition Systems (Measurement of Turbines, Motors, Gearboxes)\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nThe system wasn\u2019t stable. The FPGA on the board sometimes received incorrect data from memory. This was especially noticeable in the upper part of the address range, data from lower address ranges were received correctly.\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nSignal Integrity problem, which caused the EMI problem. Adjacent high-speed signals interfere with each other, resulting in crosstalk and in turn selection of the wrong address.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #fpga\n#electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting #sdram #sram #acquisitionsystem\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18208952869201437\" data-date=\"1671380311\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CmUNMMZrkEg\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/320237776_849415839635808_5985114290791471281_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=109&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=YSRQ7UonoKEQ7kNvgEQspc9&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDPMtoGyhvmC85b-z88sITNq3XNpWTop06K8JvdAwWChg&#038;oe=67569EDC\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/320237776_849415839635808_5985114290791471281_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=YSRQ7UonoKEQ7kNvgEQspc9&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDPMtoGyhvmC85b-z88sITNq3XNpWTop06K8JvdAwWChg&amp;oe=67569EDC&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/320237776_849415839635808_5985114290791471281_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=YSRQ7UonoKEQ7kNvgEQspc9&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDPMtoGyhvmC85b-z88sITNq3XNpWTop06K8JvdAwWChg&amp;oe=67569EDC&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/320237776_849415839635808_5985114290791471281_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/320237776_849415839635808_5985114290791471281_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\r\n\r\nPROJECT: \r\nTiny IoT Device\r\n\r\n\r\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \r\nThe device was intermittent and did not consistently work as expected. This was visible when people moved near the device.\r\n\r\n\r\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\r\nESD Immunity was poor. Moving people generate electrostatic discharge that causes unwanted disturbances (level upset) in the unprotected circuit.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex\r\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\r\n#emcconcept  #groundingconcept\r\n#electromagneticcompatibility\r\n#emitroubleshooting #grounding\r\n#highspeedsignal #iot #esd #emc #electromagneticcompatibility \n#emv\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18275058427018857\" data-date=\"1642943379\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CZEuC9ktkyN\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/272485065_142397464858863_9118304664836233762_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=eAJpeS2dFxAQ7kNvgEc8yE-&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBed4jXcgkmkJp-CI0-z3dkTy_msUIdqRmpipVJIKmlbg&#038;oe=67569569\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272485065_142397464858863_9118304664836233762_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=eAJpeS2dFxAQ7kNvgEc8yE-&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBed4jXcgkmkJp-CI0-z3dkTy_msUIdqRmpipVJIKmlbg&amp;oe=67569569&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272485065_142397464858863_9118304664836233762_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=eAJpeS2dFxAQ7kNvgEc8yE-&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBed4jXcgkmkJp-CI0-z3dkTy_msUIdqRmpipVJIKmlbg&amp;oe=67569569&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272485065_142397464858863_9118304664836233762_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272485065_142397464858863_9118304664836233762_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">These are simulated LVDS signals that are carried <\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"These are simulated LVDS signals that are carried along the printed circuit board. The signal integrity simulation is done in the Hyperlynx program from Mentor. The simulations are not include a PCB influence, that will also change the quality of the differential traces.\n\nI have used for these simulations a worst-case LVDS driver skew scenario 0.3-0.5ns, for different PCB trace length.\nAs a result of this violation the signal integrity of high-speed signals can be damaged. The skew can also be affected by the symmetry of the differential traces, which can be broken by the distance to the differential traces.\n\nThere is also another problem of broken symmetry, an increased level of electromagnetic interference. This was a part of EMC analysis to eliminate electromagnetic interference in a system.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting\n#emcconsulting #lvds\n#hyperlynx #pcb\n#signalintegrity #ti\n#simulation #emcconcept\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18124104580252407\" data-date=\"1642965602\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CZFYbugrKmf\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/272504080_610289550051273_2419990814657238501_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=FMjog4O6WxQQ7kNvgEmUJus&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYAb_21vcZqVr3tlJxyYxa1277vgyciCpMvJ8Sc-sDyWdw&#038;oe=6756921E\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272504080_610289550051273_2419990814657238501_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=FMjog4O6WxQQ7kNvgEmUJus&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAb_21vcZqVr3tlJxyYxa1277vgyciCpMvJ8Sc-sDyWdw&amp;oe=6756921E&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272504080_610289550051273_2419990814657238501_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=FMjog4O6WxQQ7kNvgEmUJus&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAb_21vcZqVr3tlJxyYxa1277vgyciCpMvJ8Sc-sDyWdw&amp;oe=6756921E&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272504080_610289550051273_2419990814657238501_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272504080_610289550051273_2419990814657238501_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a one of explanations of where to place ES<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a one of explanations of where to place ESD diodes to protect the external interfaces of electronic devices from electrostatic discharge (ESD).\n\nESD protection is designed not only to protect your device from damage, but also to ensure that the device operates at its nominal operating mode in ESD conditions. Therefore, there are various types of protection as Hardware(SCH and PCB) as well as Software.\n\nMany of them can be detected and prevented during an EMC\/EMI design review, at an early stage of development.\n\nBrief summary as a rule of thumb: \nPlace ESD elements as close to external connectors as possible.\n\nOf course, this is not a full answer  of ESD protection, just a start point...\n\nI took this interesting picture from a ESD book or research paper that I saw on internet.\n\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #emi #emv #emc \n#esd #esdprotection #emitroubleshooting #pcb #sch\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17912932424137620\" data-date=\"1641415577\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CYXL_w1Lum2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/271495569_1273456379816257_4212139617703786919_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=__6OQuA2kaMQ7kNvgHz_D46&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDjK81EuJvRNRdO_WV13RmDNDCg6wW_UkBgg8EpeOQumg&#038;oe=67568C29\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271495569_1273456379816257_4212139617703786919_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=__6OQuA2kaMQ7kNvgHz_D46&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDjK81EuJvRNRdO_WV13RmDNDCg6wW_UkBgg8EpeOQumg&amp;oe=67568C29&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271495569_1273456379816257_4212139617703786919_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=__6OQuA2kaMQ7kNvgHz_D46&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDjK81EuJvRNRdO_WV13RmDNDCg6wW_UkBgg8EpeOQumg&amp;oe=67568C29&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271495569_1273456379816257_4212139617703786919_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271495569_1273456379816257_4212139617703786919_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC task has been resolved.\nThe list wit<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC task has been resolved.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nInstrumental Electronic Device of a Space System (Spacecraft)\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nDevelopment of a grounding concept diagram that describes deliberate grounding separation, minimization of ground loops and reduction of the generation of EMI between modules. This diagram also includes analogue and digital signal groups, shows potential collisions and suggests ways to mitigate potential interference.\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nThe system was investigated, potential risks were identified and analyzed, and ways to prevent EMC disharmony were proposed. As a result, the concept of the grounding architecture was developed and a detailed report was drawn up.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting #emcconcept #electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting\n#groundingconzept \n#groundloops\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18199598968091342\" data-date=\"1654288195\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CeW0kOKrKM2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/285654864_696208481721485_8507848715035708580_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=wVYDzxH15sUQ7kNvgGCVTV8&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYAr6_vKav3WBnQA2mZzNy9rF38Fpnu6L8Kp71XLgILzHQ&#038;oe=6756920C\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/285654864_696208481721485_8507848715035708580_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=wVYDzxH15sUQ7kNvgGCVTV8&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAr6_vKav3WBnQA2mZzNy9rF38Fpnu6L8Kp71XLgILzHQ&amp;oe=6756920C&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/285654864_696208481721485_8507848715035708580_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=wVYDzxH15sUQ7kNvgGCVTV8&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAr6_vKav3WBnQA2mZzNy9rF38Fpnu6L8Kp71XLgILzHQ&amp;oe=6756920C&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/285654864_696208481721485_8507848715035708580_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/285654864_696208481721485_8507848715035708580_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nNFC-B (RFID) Communication.\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nThe pre-compliance EMV test failed. The device did not receive the NFC test signal from the distance specified in the standard.\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nThe TX channel worked fine.The RX channel was not sensitive enough due to non-optimized connections (Antenna-RX-TX).\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept \n#electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting\n#highspeedsignal #nfc #antenna #tx\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17864275598720714\" data-date=\"1652429439\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CdfbRVcN6EQ\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/280508077_295244302812340_1647218424093147462_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=tPrw7tmrRlkQ7kNvgHQKdIR&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCP_qOIReMp9Bz_SzR4dC_RODhJmJM1i7rlGfaOiv9Utw&#038;oe=675692D5\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280508077_295244302812340_1647218424093147462_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=tPrw7tmrRlkQ7kNvgHQKdIR&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCP_qOIReMp9Bz_SzR4dC_RODhJmJM1i7rlGfaOiv9Utw&amp;oe=675692D5&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280508077_295244302812340_1647218424093147462_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=tPrw7tmrRlkQ7kNvgHQKdIR&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCP_qOIReMp9Bz_SzR4dC_RODhJmJM1i7rlGfaOiv9Utw&amp;oe=675692D5&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280508077_295244302812340_1647218424093147462_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280508077_295244302812340_1647218424093147462_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nNFC-A (RFID) Communication.\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nThe pre-compliance EMV test failed. The transmitted NFC waveform had overshoots and is not following the standard.\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nImpedance matching problem between the antenna and the #RF amplifier.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept \n#electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting\n#rfid #nfc\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17943729214955098\" data-date=\"1652169122\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CdXqwYYNBrX\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/280167088_1036938790591992_1690645046710593859_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=104&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=j5_Z0gAlMzYQ7kNvgGmftw9&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBAyP8ozqjHMm7rmBTvxZVp4hcu9ywQ16d56xG51Wvjfg&#038;oe=6756A1B7\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280167088_1036938790591992_1690645046710593859_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=j5_Z0gAlMzYQ7kNvgGmftw9&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBAyP8ozqjHMm7rmBTvxZVp4hcu9ywQ16d56xG51Wvjfg&amp;oe=6756A1B7&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280167088_1036938790591992_1690645046710593859_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=j5_Z0gAlMzYQ7kNvgGmftw9&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBAyP8ozqjHMm7rmBTvxZVp4hcu9ywQ16d56xG51Wvjfg&amp;oe=6756A1B7&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280167088_1036938790591992_1690645046710593859_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280167088_1036938790591992_1690645046710593859_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Near Field Emissions H-Field Scan of Tight vs. Loo<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Near Field Emissions H-Field Scan of Tight vs. Loose Coupling for differential signals (LVDS, USB, ETHERNET etc.)\n\nThe picture is from an application note - Gentex Corporation.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsengineering #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #electronicdesign #emitroubleshooting #pcb #pcbdesign\n#analogelectronics #printedcircuitboard\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\n#grounding #groundingconcepts #signalIntegrity #powerintegrity #lvds #usb #ethernet #differentialsignal #rfsimulation #field #nearfield #differentialpair #emission #gentex\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17956207762686705\" data-date=\"1652262526\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cdac6Nxrpf4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/280332388_401832741606080_8400909542422833749_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=2RjZYO0_6usQ7kNvgGNwceY&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBb6zKMxjCfIIjT9Ngotn6fHMz_34zaXh6xCoNBeruWAw&#038;oe=67568E79\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280332388_401832741606080_8400909542422833749_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=2RjZYO0_6usQ7kNvgGNwceY&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBb6zKMxjCfIIjT9Ngotn6fHMz_34zaXh6xCoNBeruWAw&amp;oe=67568E79&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280332388_401832741606080_8400909542422833749_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=2RjZYO0_6usQ7kNvgGNwceY&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBb6zKMxjCfIIjT9Ngotn6fHMz_34zaXh6xCoNBeruWAw&amp;oe=67568E79&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280332388_401832741606080_8400909542422833749_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280332388_401832741606080_8400909542422833749_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">In one of my previous posts, I showed a JTAG inter<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"In one of my previous posts, I showed a JTAG interface signal integrity problem that happened in one project. The JTAG interface just stopped working after the board was redesigned.\n\nThe reason was crosstalk between the JTAG interface tracks on the PCB. The pictures show traces from the both PCB and calculated values of their cross coupled signals.\n\nCrosstalk is a result of the unintentional coupling of electromagnetic fields and causes both forward and reverse reflections. The easiest way to reduce crosstalk from a nearby aggressor signal is by:\n- increasing the spacing between the signals.\n- reducing the distance between the signal trace to reference plane. \n\nA good rule of thumb for this is gap = 3*trace width.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsengineering #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #electronicdesign #emitroubleshooting #pcb #pcbdesign\n#analogelectronics #printedcircuitboard\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\n#grounding #signalIntegrity #crosstalk #jtag\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17889337703730858\" data-date=\"1677309264\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CpE5xTJtHXH\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/332678871_9552062048153292_8690622503808173870_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=p8gshhdTy4AQ7kNvgFPuggK&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBoaAXZYG884YrMLN7iVDEvJTo2KcIRDIqA1XUWpck-BQ&#038;oe=67567F93\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/332678871_9552062048153292_8690622503808173870_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=p8gshhdTy4AQ7kNvgFPuggK&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBoaAXZYG884YrMLN7iVDEvJTo2KcIRDIqA1XUWpck-BQ&amp;oe=67567F93&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/332678871_9552062048153292_8690622503808173870_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=p8gshhdTy4AQ7kNvgFPuggK&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBoaAXZYG884YrMLN7iVDEvJTo2KcIRDIqA1XUWpck-BQ&amp;oe=67567F93&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/332678871_9552062048153292_8690622503808173870_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/332678871_9552062048153292_8690622503808173870_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an evaluation board of an ADS1282 High-Res<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an evaluation board of an ADS1282 High-Resolution Delta-Sigma ADC (124-dB SNR (1000 SPS)). The datasheet says the resolution can be up to 32 bits.\n\nThe ADS1282 is an extremely\nanalog-to-digital high-performance, single-chip converter(ADC) with an integrated, low-noise programmable gain amplifier (PGA) and two-channel\ninput multiplexer (MUX). \n\nI have measured a noise flor of the chip on the evaluation board ~130dbFS.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting \n#pcb #sigmadelta\n#ti #adc #pga #dsp\n#systemdesing\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17957264404653990\" data-date=\"1651176382\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cc6FQRxrXR3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/279316591_3189933837942505_2701628324990530219_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=t6iTsOUfNy8Q7kNvgHJTlAH&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDUG91GKlbA9J2kYXoixoDPzpwDBtZZ2XVD2s1kGfD_CA&#038;oe=6756921A\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/279316591_3189933837942505_2701628324990530219_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=t6iTsOUfNy8Q7kNvgHJTlAH&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDUG91GKlbA9J2kYXoixoDPzpwDBtZZ2XVD2s1kGfD_CA&amp;oe=6756921A&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/279316591_3189933837942505_2701628324990530219_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=t6iTsOUfNy8Q7kNvgHJTlAH&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDUG91GKlbA9J2kYXoixoDPzpwDBtZZ2XVD2s1kGfD_CA&amp;oe=6756921A&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/279316591_3189933837942505_2701628324990530219_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/279316591_3189933837942505_2701628324990530219_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an RF power pre amplifier circuit board bu<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an RF power pre amplifier circuit board built with lumped components.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #rf\n#rfdesign #analogdevices #we #w\u00fcrthelektronik\n#rfamplifier #printedcircuitboard\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17973454846895298\" data-date=\"1667934191\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/Cktfh9YgjtN\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.36329-15\/314625157_831727994834464_6773789648055475851_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=TuHCY1s7rHYQ7kNvgEjrGkC&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCdWtW0fI68kEzL51tt_mwFDp57KChnBkVz_PRoVb5Cbw&#038;oe=67567FF1\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/314625157_831727994834464_6773789648055475851_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=TuHCY1s7rHYQ7kNvgEjrGkC&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCdWtW0fI68kEzL51tt_mwFDp57KChnBkVz_PRoVb5Cbw&amp;oe=67567FF1&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/314625157_831727994834464_6773789648055475851_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=TuHCY1s7rHYQ7kNvgEjrGkC&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCdWtW0fI68kEzL51tt_mwFDp57KChnBkVz_PRoVb5Cbw&amp;oe=67567FF1&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/314662047_714210479551448_7650358315031726574_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/314662047_714210479551448_7650358315031726574_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Matching input(S11) and output(S22) impedance of a<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Matching input(S11) and output(S22) impedance of a narrow band RF Power Amplifier.\nThe bottom display shows the transfer characteristic(S21).\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#rf #rfdesign #vna #vectornetworkanalyzer\n#rfamplifier #amplifier #poweramplifier\n#sparameter\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17960581061098667\" data-date=\"1667240136\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CkY0bv2Lw-J\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/313275064_802365994328606_5430645773132402077_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=dPupPUAM-QMQ7kNvgHVID-V&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBwtLYZPQoyLkc_GrayNYAb4y5YJ2GVe0qEk1ddZld8nA&#038;oe=675678FF\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/313275064_802365994328606_5430645773132402077_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=dPupPUAM-QMQ7kNvgHVID-V&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBwtLYZPQoyLkc_GrayNYAb4y5YJ2GVe0qEk1ddZld8nA&amp;oe=675678FF&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/313275064_802365994328606_5430645773132402077_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=dPupPUAM-QMQ7kNvgHVID-V&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBwtLYZPQoyLkc_GrayNYAb4y5YJ2GVe0qEk1ddZld8nA&amp;oe=675678FF&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313275064_802365994328606_5430645773132402077_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313275064_802365994328606_5430645773132402077_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\r\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\r\n\r\nPROJECT: \r\nTiny Tracker System (IoT).\r\n\r\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \r\nThe device did not receive a stable GNSS signal. An evaluation board with such a chip and antenna works quite well.\r\n\r\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\r\nThe sensitivity of the GNSS (GPS) receiver was significantly reduced due to common grounding issues between the GNSS module, the LNA, the MCU, the DC\/DC converter and the RF transceiver.\r\n\r\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex\r\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\r\n#emcconcept  #groundingconcept\r\n#electromagneticcompatibility\r\n#emitroubleshooting #grounding\r\n#highspeedsignal #fr #gnss #gps #mcu #lna #tracker #iot\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18082385941321346\" data-date=\"1673788976\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cnb_WnsLKpw\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/325476401_481729624135468_8016200522396673778_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=vt6JJbFowwcQ7kNvgEAlSec&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYB-O01jmLuN_9dzzub8B8DP5XbBamo6gWpUz00NTtXjgg&#038;oe=67566B94\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/325476401_481729624135468_8016200522396673778_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=vt6JJbFowwcQ7kNvgEAlSec&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB-O01jmLuN_9dzzub8B8DP5XbBamo6gWpUz00NTtXjgg&amp;oe=67566B94&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/325476401_481729624135468_8016200522396673778_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=vt6JJbFowwcQ7kNvgEAlSec&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB-O01jmLuN_9dzzub8B8DP5XbBamo6gWpUz00NTtXjgg&amp;oe=67566B94&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/325476401_481729624135468_8016200522396673778_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/325476401_481729624135468_8016200522396673778_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">One of the PCB layout concepts of a mixed signal b<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"One of the PCB layout concepts of a mixed signal board.\n\nIn the photos, the possible placement with the separation of digital and analog circuits. And possible common-mode power filter between them.\n\nThe photos are taken from a book: PCB design techniques for EMC compliance.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex #emcconcept #emitroubleshooting #pcb #pcbdesign\r\n#digitalelectronics #analogelectronics\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\r\n#grounding #groundingconcept #groundbouncing\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17944694728785130\" data-date=\"1644096629\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CZnFsjZLiSB\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/273208028_358407282772605_7754007832177244078_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=101&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=lnwRKHS0hjEQ7kNvgFRajJI&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBS2vcanLUWvVdkvZ-w9aAHq0hzHUu7XN8TMawAadzZ4Q&#038;oe=67569C70\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273208028_358407282772605_7754007832177244078_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=lnwRKHS0hjEQ7kNvgFRajJI&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBS2vcanLUWvVdkvZ-w9aAHq0hzHUu7XN8TMawAadzZ4Q&amp;oe=67569C70&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273208028_358407282772605_7754007832177244078_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=lnwRKHS0hjEQ7kNvgFRajJI&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBS2vcanLUWvVdkvZ-w9aAHq0hzHUu7XN8TMawAadzZ4Q&amp;oe=67569C70&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273208028_358407282772605_7754007832177244078_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273208028_358407282772605_7754007832177244078_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Electronics designers face the choice of electroni<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Electronics designers face the choice of electronic components every day. One of the most popular types of components are capacitors. There are many different types of capacitors on a market. It is important for a good developer to stay afloat and not drown out from a large number of types. Understanding the important parameters allows you to create a reliable and cost-effective device. Prices for some types of capacitors can vary hundreds or more times.\n\nThis picture compares the ESR between different types of capacitors. You can see that there are two types of aluminum capacitors (electrolytic and polymer) whose ESR varies hundreds of times at room temperature. Visually, they are very similar with slight differences in labeling.\n\nAn engineer, if he is not sure, can choose the most expensive capacitor and think he is on the safe side. \n\nThis is exactly the case I encountered while troubleshooting EMC self-compatibility. An LDO was oscillating in one performance sensitiv project that I described in my previous posts. \n\nInformative images are taken from a Wurth Electronic presentation.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emitroubleshooting #emi #emc #capacitors #esr #electromagneticcompatibility \n#we #w\u00fcrthelektronik #aluminiumpolymer \n#aluminiumelectrolytic\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18217704286130026\" data-date=\"1652358623\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CddUMxlt9en\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/280552917_1350535435442647_6873938416435032139_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=N_zhAUtMYhsQ7kNvgFpheH9&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYASDnYDbhnfE7ZhH20FObBTrl2mU5Rd94oyhkGZaMhlDw&#038;oe=67566E88\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280552917_1350535435442647_6873938416435032139_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=N_zhAUtMYhsQ7kNvgFpheH9&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYASDnYDbhnfE7ZhH20FObBTrl2mU5Rd94oyhkGZaMhlDw&amp;oe=67566E88&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280552917_1350535435442647_6873938416435032139_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=N_zhAUtMYhsQ7kNvgFpheH9&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYASDnYDbhnfE7ZhH20FObBTrl2mU5Rd94oyhkGZaMhlDw&amp;oe=67566E88&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280552917_1350535435442647_6873938416435032139_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280552917_1350535435442647_6873938416435032139_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Ground Bouncing is a form of noise that occurs dur<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Ground Bouncing is a form of noise that occurs during digital switching when component\/die grounds on the PCB are at different voltages.\n\nGround bounce may also disturb digital signals with a very low clock frequency, e.g., 50 kHz as in the picture. The problem is the very quick digital outputs of #MCU \/ #FPGA, which have a wide bandwidth. The voltage from the top picture drops by 840mv, that disterb the signal integrity of the digital #SPI signal.\n\nOn the bottom picture is a repaired communication between the MCU\/FPGA and #DAC. \n\nGround Bouncing problem can be solved by slowing down the digital signals and careful design grounding concept in the system.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #emitroubleshooting #pcb #pcbdesign\n#digitalelectronics\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\n#grounding #groundingconcept #signalIntegrity #powerintegrity #groundbounce\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17993875663620879\" data-date=\"1671664705\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/Cmcq454I-3z\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.36329-15\/321049430_1332070624287776_3695145290328341502_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=buQKva26LlwQ7kNvgGR8gfS&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCSv067n-_3D0PFRT4R8M_rJt9gs-JIYh695rEyJKow4Q&#038;oe=67568D3E\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/321049430_1332070624287776_3695145290328341502_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=buQKva26LlwQ7kNvgGR8gfS&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCSv067n-_3D0PFRT4R8M_rJt9gs-JIYh695rEyJKow4Q&amp;oe=67568D3E&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/321049430_1332070624287776_3695145290328341502_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=buQKva26LlwQ7kNvgGR8gfS&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCSv067n-_3D0PFRT4R8M_rJt9gs-JIYh695rEyJKow4Q&amp;oe=67568D3E&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/321005304_531757255668350_1942435324474889955_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/321005304_531757255668350_1942435324474889955_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an example of dimming 7-segment LED indica<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an example of dimming 7-segment LED indicators using PWM. I tested my #VHDL code, which will be used in my Software Defined Radio (SDR) hobby project.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#altiumdesigner #fpga #Intel #terasic\n#radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver #pwm #dimming #7segment\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18260903383106065\" data-date=\"1669570977\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CleSKMyL-5T\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/317062972_560598352493889_7138278363910842228_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=111&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=vtZao_UsNkoQ7kNvgHWJ3Ed&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCLBm1ViEnwEg3W0NeM91epKnzZZhzNGOcNdOvfVuWFsQ&#038;oe=67567EA6\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/317062972_560598352493889_7138278363910842228_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=vtZao_UsNkoQ7kNvgHWJ3Ed&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCLBm1ViEnwEg3W0NeM91epKnzZZhzNGOcNdOvfVuWFsQ&amp;oe=67567EA6&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/317062972_560598352493889_7138278363910842228_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=vtZao_UsNkoQ7kNvgHWJ3Ed&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCLBm1ViEnwEg3W0NeM91epKnzZZhzNGOcNdOvfVuWFsQ&amp;oe=67567EA6&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/317062972_560598352493889_7138278363910842228_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/317062972_560598352493889_7138278363910842228_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">These are ceramic and tantal capacitors under #FPG<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"These are ceramic and tantal capacitors under #FPGA on the printed circuit boardsof the Ettus USRP N210 SDR transceiver.\n\nThe ceramic capacitors are placed as close as possible to the power pins of the FPGA, and tantalum capacitors are placed a little further.\n\nThe capacitors are parts of the power distribution network (#pdn) to create a necessary over frequency impedance at power pins. \n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#radioelectronics\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\n#printedcircuitboard #ettus #usrp\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17911931906412364\" data-date=\"1653201954\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cd2cudCtEoU\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/282407050_177789731262317_7357208330525864256_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=111&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=ZLs36PRGZB8Q7kNvgFETqrm&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCp9NpkGm4hcASIYKv4bnU0VkWogbNr0V21PXA_DCKFzA&#038;oe=67569B2A\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/282407050_177789731262317_7357208330525864256_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ZLs36PRGZB8Q7kNvgFETqrm&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCp9NpkGm4hcASIYKv4bnU0VkWogbNr0V21PXA_DCKFzA&amp;oe=67569B2A&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/282407050_177789731262317_7357208330525864256_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ZLs36PRGZB8Q7kNvgFETqrm&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCp9NpkGm4hcASIYKv4bnU0VkWogbNr0V21PXA_DCKFzA&amp;oe=67569B2A&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/282407050_177789731262317_7357208330525864256_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/282407050_177789731262317_7357208330525864256_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">It is always useful when a ground on a PCB is bein<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"It is always useful when a ground on a PCB is being split to leave the option to combine it with 0 ohm resistors or stitching capacitors. \n\nIn this case you can check if the ground was splitted correctly or if they need to be merged. \n\nThis trick allows to reduce risks and avoid of redesigning the PCB.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #emitroubleshooting #pcb #pcbdesign\n#digitalelectronics\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\n#grounding #groundingconcept #groundbouncing\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18033417544360545\" data-date=\"1653037029\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CdxiJ9ytIkz\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/282066292_493681802550393_7893744782154282188_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=xH_FkfYzISEQ7kNvgH7i5Mo&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDs-S7oebVvrzjwCuTAt4NyW19HFNUPJZahXhNiXpCKlQ&#038;oe=675681C5\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/282066292_493681802550393_7893744782154282188_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=xH_FkfYzISEQ7kNvgH7i5Mo&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDs-S7oebVvrzjwCuTAt4NyW19HFNUPJZahXhNiXpCKlQ&amp;oe=675681C5&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/282066292_493681802550393_7893744782154282188_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=xH_FkfYzISEQ7kNvgH7i5Mo&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDs-S7oebVvrzjwCuTAt4NyW19HFNUPJZahXhNiXpCKlQ&amp;oe=675681C5&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/282066292_493681802550393_7893744782154282188_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/282066292_493681802550393_7893744782154282188_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">What&#039;s inside Mini Circuits RF Bias-Tee?\n\nZFBT-282<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"What&#039;s inside Mini Circuits RF Bias-Tee?\n\nZFBT-282-1.5A+\n10MHz-2800MHz\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #rfdesign #hardware #electronicdesign #electronicdesign #circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#circuitdesign #minicircuits\n#analogelectronics #sma\n#rf #biastee #ferrite #balun #coils\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17929936502137025\" data-date=\"1648219271\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cbh9AypNdGA\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/277112231_508491237606277_5888156541215369564_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=HdsjV5PAbZ8Q7kNvgHZDTn7&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYAxML_cpbHmuPh_ApzwmB6vXlO6wwj2RjjMlZzaTn4l6Q&#038;oe=67567AFD\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/277112231_508491237606277_5888156541215369564_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=HdsjV5PAbZ8Q7kNvgHZDTn7&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAxML_cpbHmuPh_ApzwmB6vXlO6wwj2RjjMlZzaTn4l6Q&amp;oe=67567AFD&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/277112231_508491237606277_5888156541215369564_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=HdsjV5PAbZ8Q7kNvgHZDTn7&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAxML_cpbHmuPh_ApzwmB6vXlO6wwj2RjjMlZzaTn4l6Q&amp;oe=67567AFD&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/277112231_508491237606277_5888156541215369564_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/277112231_508491237606277_5888156541215369564_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an Evaluation Board of a Linear-in-dB VGA <\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an Evaluation Board of a Linear-in-dB VGA with AGC Detector, that works up to 500MHz.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #agc #vga #ad #analogelectronics #analogdevices #rf #amplifier #sma #ad8367\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17962681147514816\" data-date=\"1643312064\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CZPtQeLLF8a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/272708993_446405457207541_6403961978710014455_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=zViikKJgl20Q7kNvgE2-RcX&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCsoYMLsO5FWQabERcLBLgYdSsgCyzr1buMPiEwhlEXwA&#038;oe=675698AF\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272708993_446405457207541_6403961978710014455_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=zViikKJgl20Q7kNvgE2-RcX&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCsoYMLsO5FWQabERcLBLgYdSsgCyzr1buMPiEwhlEXwA&amp;oe=675698AF&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272708993_446405457207541_6403961978710014455_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=zViikKJgl20Q7kNvgE2-RcX&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCsoYMLsO5FWQabERcLBLgYdSsgCyzr1buMPiEwhlEXwA&amp;oe=675698AF&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272708993_446405457207541_6403961978710014455_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272708993_446405457207541_6403961978710014455_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nHome Automation Controller (Smart House)\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nThe pre-compliance test for EMI Radiated Emission failed.\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nSignal Integrity problem on the PCB. Incorrect routing of digital signals when traversing PCB layers.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept \n#electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting #smarthouse\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17887066640802939\" data-date=\"1679767928\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CqOLTLLtoGE\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/329773200_125631303699654_8469359234248325534_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=102&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=nL_KQW2rwZIQ7kNvgF7GWB4&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCjVIYAliKfgzn0Ws9wROBZgWOQ7Ho-DeBxLQSUD1N_Bg&#038;oe=675695D7\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/329773200_125631303699654_8469359234248325534_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=nL_KQW2rwZIQ7kNvgF7GWB4&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCjVIYAliKfgzn0Ws9wROBZgWOQ7Ho-DeBxLQSUD1N_Bg&amp;oe=675695D7&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/329773200_125631303699654_8469359234248325534_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=nL_KQW2rwZIQ7kNvgF7GWB4&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCjVIYAliKfgzn0Ws9wROBZgWOQ7Ho-DeBxLQSUD1N_Bg&amp;oe=675695D7&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/329773200_125631303699654_8469359234248325534_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/329773200_125631303699654_8469359234248325534_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\r\n\r\nPROJECT: \r\nInstrumental Electronic Device of a Space System (Spacecraft) \r\n\r\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \r\nA very weak analogue signal from the instrument contains unwanted noise and spikes in the specified frequency range. The system worked better on battery power. Filters on the power rails were implemented.\r\n\r\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\r\nThe Switching Mode Power Supply (SMPS) generates strong high-frequency EMI surges that need to be suppressed. Measurements and analysis showed that generated EMI passed through a filter that is transparent at those frequencies. The power system needed optimization to deliver power without noise.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex\r\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\r\n#emcconcept \r\n#electromagneticcompatibility\r\n#emitroubleshooting\r\n#switchmodepowersupply #smps\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17963003743526754\" data-date=\"1642604556\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CY6nyzUNyZy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/272099735_378632527361329_6629139508962360451_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=yT6Ry8SwQi4Q7kNvgFPaU6K&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYAbwWauEJi6iNyA1n3bJVZFW1UA83yeJC6-Q3T0V7SYbA&#038;oe=67569602\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272099735_378632527361329_6629139508962360451_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=yT6Ry8SwQi4Q7kNvgFPaU6K&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAbwWauEJi6iNyA1n3bJVZFW1UA83yeJC6-Q3T0V7SYbA&amp;oe=67569602&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/272099735_378632527361329_6629139508962360451_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=yT6Ry8SwQi4Q7kNvgFPaU6K&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYAbwWauEJi6iNyA1n3bJVZFW1UA83yeJC6-Q3T0V7SYbA&amp;oe=67569602&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272099735_378632527361329_6629139508962360451_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/272099735_378632527361329_6629139508962360451_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a useful graph that allows you to quickly <\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a useful graph that allows you to quickly determine what frequency different logic element families can emit.\n\nI  use it during EMI troubleshooting and EMC design review, to find potential sources of EMI.\n\nIt is always better to choose the slowest component in terms of EMI.\n\nThe pictures are from #TI and #toshiba application notes\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting #emcconcept #emi #emc #electromagneticcompatibility #emv #emitroubleshooting\n#digitalelectronics\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17885742311603904\" data-date=\"1653331866\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cd6Ug47rqCX\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/283127001_1052953562314202_4716289663392422258_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=104&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=Q7b81X6Z8wYQ7kNvgEQCRU0&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCyRKsJ1cJJGRH6SSQLSavenxcIyWYbwzsb0Tao2cveeg&#038;oe=67568934\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/283127001_1052953562314202_4716289663392422258_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Q7b81X6Z8wYQ7kNvgEQCRU0&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCyRKsJ1cJJGRH6SSQLSavenxcIyWYbwzsb0Tao2cveeg&amp;oe=67568934&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/283127001_1052953562314202_4716289663392422258_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Q7b81X6Z8wYQ7kNvgEQCRU0&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCyRKsJ1cJJGRH6SSQLSavenxcIyWYbwzsb0Tao2cveeg&amp;oe=67568934&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/283127001_1052953562314202_4716289663392422258_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/283127001_1052953562314202_4716289663392422258_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Power Distribution Network (PDN) of an  ASIC.\n.\n.\n<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Power Distribution Network (PDN) of an  ASIC.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#digitalelectronics\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility #powerdistributionnetwork \n#powerintegrity #pdn #asic\n#pcb #pcbdesign #capacitors #tantalum #polymer\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17960662699753305\" data-date=\"1659643914\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cg2bylBr_My\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/297116887_163776836167707_3470553003391686377_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=108&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=WeW5DSxaSfoQ7kNvgH7Disq&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDG0JzZo49BV3LzaQa-TUxAmavngLPZzBCJuts6nqGs4w&#038;oe=6756876D\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/297116887_163776836167707_3470553003391686377_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=WeW5DSxaSfoQ7kNvgH7Disq&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDG0JzZo49BV3LzaQa-TUxAmavngLPZzBCJuts6nqGs4w&amp;oe=6756876D&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/297116887_163776836167707_3470553003391686377_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=WeW5DSxaSfoQ7kNvgH7Disq&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDG0JzZo49BV3LzaQa-TUxAmavngLPZzBCJuts6nqGs4w&amp;oe=6756876D&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/297116887_163776836167707_3470553003391686377_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/297116887_163776836167707_3470553003391686377_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The project is an RF SDR tranceiver (Software Defi<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The project is an RF SDR tranceiver (Software Defined Radio).\n------------\u2010----------------------------\nThe RF design consist of:\n- Digital RF Attenuator\n- 7order RF Low Pass Filter\n- RF Low Noise Amplifier\n- Differential RF Anti-Aliasing Filter\n- ADC 16bits\/105MSPS (LTC2217)\n- Bus Driver - 16bits \n- DAC 14bits - 275MSPS (DAC5672)\n- Reconstraction RF LPF\n- RF Power Amplifier \n- Low Jitter VCXO 100MHz\n- Low Noise Voltage regulators\n\u2010-----------------------------------------\nThe digital board is an EVB from Terasic DE1-SOC with the Intel FPGA \nCyclone V.\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #altium\n#altiumdesigner #fpga #Intel #terasic\n#radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\n#printedcircuitboard\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17977960646382071\" data-date=\"1690042837\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CvAZIgTtW_j\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/361940211_2269423016582259_9147993766067728272_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=109&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=YGh04fBwCnMQ7kNvgG-Cyjy&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYD09tHg0n7YYqeTYyzFtN3KSiFOISPowIch7txuFztCTw&#038;oe=6756746E\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/361940211_2269423016582259_9147993766067728272_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=YGh04fBwCnMQ7kNvgG-Cyjy&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD09tHg0n7YYqeTYyzFtN3KSiFOISPowIch7txuFztCTw&amp;oe=6756746E&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/361940211_2269423016582259_9147993766067728272_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=YGh04fBwCnMQ7kNvgG-Cyjy&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD09tHg0n7YYqeTYyzFtN3KSiFOISPowIch7txuFztCTw&amp;oe=6756746E&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/361940211_2269423016582259_9147993766067728272_n.heiclow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/361940211_2269423016582259_9147993766067728272_n.heicfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a 4-Port SuperSpeed Isolated USB 3.0 Hub w<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a 4-Port SuperSpeed Isolated USB 3.0 Hub with up to 5 Gbps transfer speed USB-4630 from Advantech.\r\n\r\nIt was purchased for ground isolation during space electronics testing in the lab.\r\n\r\nSeparate DC\/DC converter of the minicomputer  generated an EMC with a electrical fast transient (EFT) every 5-10 minutes. A fast transient signal propagated across the PCB and the microcontroller hung up. This case exposed the weaknesses in the design (EFT Immunity).\r\n\r\nThe USB isolator shown allowed further testing and analysis of the EMC problem without stopping the project.\r\n\r\nIt was interesting to see how it was possible to realize such a high data rate with galvanic isolation. As you can see from the pictures, capacitive coupling is implemented here.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex #emi #emc \r#emitroubleshooting #pcb #usb\r#systemdesing #advantech\n#grounging #eft #usbhub\n#groundingconcept\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17894420624829936\" data-date=\"1688197056\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CuJYJLbg8C3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.36329-15\/356894879_555140653289249_5190561462284036672_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=uzY6YfX9wCYQ7kNvgHJlk61&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBEC8oB1aEAaY2LmtU8dMWqzOQFLShEjRYBo0BspNjnWw&#038;oe=67568EE3\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/356894879_555140653289249_5190561462284036672_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=uzY6YfX9wCYQ7kNvgHJlk61&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBEC8oB1aEAaY2LmtU8dMWqzOQFLShEjRYBo0BspNjnWw&amp;oe=67568EE3&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/356894879_555140653289249_5190561462284036672_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=uzY6YfX9wCYQ7kNvgHJlk61&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBEC8oB1aEAaY2LmtU8dMWqzOQFLShEjRYBo0BspNjnWw&amp;oe=67568EE3&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/356894879_555140653289249_5190561462284036672_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/356894879_555140653289249_5190561462284036672_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Reduced phase noise (jitter) of a PLL.\n.\n.\n.\n#spel<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Reduced phase noise (jitter) of a PLL.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconcept #emitroubleshooting \n#analogelectronics #emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility #pll #measurements \n#jitter #oscilloscope\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17981123948005123\" data-date=\"1679259824\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cp_CK0xLKt4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/337154699_589511303097692_4115932115819215624_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=102&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=c0zkX14Cr9AQ7kNvgHqCMzf&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCvHa818gaW7PTDES7-pFEK-Uoh31X_2Iah0jRA4UX_cQ&#038;oe=67567066\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/337154699_589511303097692_4115932115819215624_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=c0zkX14Cr9AQ7kNvgHqCMzf&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCvHa818gaW7PTDES7-pFEK-Uoh31X_2Iah0jRA4UX_cQ&amp;oe=67567066&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/337154699_589511303097692_4115932115819215624_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=c0zkX14Cr9AQ7kNvgHqCMzf&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCvHa818gaW7PTDES7-pFEK-Uoh31X_2Iah0jRA4UX_cQ&amp;oe=67567066&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/337154699_589511303097692_4115932115819215624_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/337154699_589511303097692_4115932115819215624_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The frequency-phase detector is a part of the PLL <\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The frequency-phase detector is a part of the PLL and was implemented using Intel primitives inside the FPGA (Cyclone V). \n\nIn the simplest case, the role of such a detector can be performed by the &quot;exclusive OR&quot; element. However, the simplest phase detectors have a significant drawback - with a phase shift close to zero, their transfer coefficient decreases, and a &quot;dead zone&quot; appears on the transfer characteristic.\n\nA more advanced phase detector is free from this shortcoming, which, in particular, is available as a separate AD9901 IC.\r\n\r\nI tested this #VHDL code together with the external low jitter #VCXO 100MHz and the reference oscillator 50MHz. The PLL stabilized sidnal clock preasice ADC and DAC.\r\n\r\nThis PLL will be used in my Software Defined Radio (SDR) hobby project.\n.\n.\r\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\r#altiumdesigner #fpga #Intel #terasic\r#radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver\r#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\r#hamradio #radioamateur #pll\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18040623304340333\" data-date=\"1653113343\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cdzzts8tipc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/282112508_578348203517751_6615856683885244655_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=101&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=Cm714w2TuHsQ7kNvgFWVR0Y&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCy9GSHM9dcy-OZgyiWgEyBJmCrRg75Y7b7vrJ_t1lMaA&#038;oe=675672E6\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/282112508_578348203517751_6615856683885244655_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Cm714w2TuHsQ7kNvgFWVR0Y&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCy9GSHM9dcy-OZgyiWgEyBJmCrRg75Y7b7vrJ_t1lMaA&amp;oe=675672E6&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/282112508_578348203517751_6615856683885244655_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=Cm714w2TuHsQ7kNvgFWVR0Y&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCy9GSHM9dcy-OZgyiWgEyBJmCrRg75Y7b7vrJ_t1lMaA&amp;oe=675672E6&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/282112508_578348203517751_6615856683885244655_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/282112508_578348203517751_6615856683885244655_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nHigh Precision Industrial PID Controller.\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nProblem measuring the accuracy of analogue signals (PT100, PT1000).\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nAn EMC issue on the board. Noise spikes caused by inadequate filtering of the DC\/DC converter. This disturbed a low noise Analogue to Digital converter (ADC - 21 bits). A second problem was related to the grounding concept.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept \n#electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting\n#highspeedsignal #dcdc\n#adc #noise #groundingconcept\n#groundbounce\n#groundloop\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17851058051743106\" data-date=\"1652087843\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CdVPunWtcK3\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/280456986_1289501714873959_8410490949704392482_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=109&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=ya-iOPY3pTUQ7kNvgFt10kf&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCQlgJt89sBA2Jq23Dgze3-5sWfvpSaUI9-TfHVky5V6w&#038;oe=675671FB\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280456986_1289501714873959_8410490949704392482_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ya-iOPY3pTUQ7kNvgFt10kf&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCQlgJt89sBA2Jq23Dgze3-5sWfvpSaUI9-TfHVky5V6w&amp;oe=675671FB&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280456986_1289501714873959_8410490949704392482_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ya-iOPY3pTUQ7kNvgFt10kf&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCQlgJt89sBA2Jq23Dgze3-5sWfvpSaUI9-TfHVky5V6w&amp;oe=675671FB&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280456986_1289501714873959_8410490949704392482_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280456986_1289501714873959_8410490949704392482_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The project is an RF SDR tranceiver (Software Defi<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The project is an RF SDR tranceiver (Software Defined Radio).\n------------\u2010----------------------------\nThe RF design consist of:\n- Digital RF Attenuator\n- 7order RF Low Pass Filter\n- RF Low Noise Amplifier\n- Differential RF Anti-Aliasing Filter\n- ADC 16bits\/105MSPS (LTC2217)\n- Bus Driver - 16bits \n- DAC 14bits - 275MSPS (DAC5672)\n- Reconstraction RF LPF\n- RF Power Amplifier \n- Low Jitter VCXO 100MHz\n- Low Noise Voltage regulators\n\u2010-----------------------------------------\nThe digital board is an EVB from Terasic DE1-SOC with the Intel FPGA \nCyclone V.\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #altium\n#altiumdesigner #fpga #Intel #terasic\n#radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\n#printedcircuitboard\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17940553060773043\" data-date=\"1641587589\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CYcT6M3q8js\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/271398433_4859512467402091_8689664558924429835_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=GzEaPIkYg68Q7kNvgGNYY1X&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDSiowU4Lczr5zlwqV3b5T6eb7r2pzoQt0pdqUmzVgYdQ&#038;oe=6756702A\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271398433_4859512467402091_8689664558924429835_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=GzEaPIkYg68Q7kNvgGNYY1X&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDSiowU4Lczr5zlwqV3b5T6eb7r2pzoQt0pdqUmzVgYdQ&amp;oe=6756702A&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271398433_4859512467402091_8689664558924429835_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=GzEaPIkYg68Q7kNvgGNYY1X&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDSiowU4Lczr5zlwqV3b5T6eb7r2pzoQt0pdqUmzVgYdQ&amp;oe=6756702A&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271398433_4859512467402091_8689664558924429835_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271398433_4859512467402091_8689664558924429835_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">I have finished refurbishing of the linear power s<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"I have finished refurbishing of the linear power supply (5v\/1A), that I will use to power analog RF front end. This is an old power supply was made by #AIWA in Japan. I have installed an additional voltage regulator, which acts as a good ripple filter. This is a famous #LM317, that has an excellent ripple rejection ratio of more than 60db at 100 Herz. As I showed in my previous post, the ripples at the output of the initial voltage regulator were 150mV (1A\/7V). This is to much for the sensitive electronics. #spelex #powersupply #linearpower #hardware\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18004479890218875\" data-date=\"1702541713\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/C0042UBNsxF\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/410604738_251577541275162_6284114769265110804_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=111&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=aIucivruE4QQ7kNvgFZTK_w&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCz4MQA5dUhR220MwnNtVTQR4t_L-xS_4XzFjTNj43iyg&#038;oe=67567705\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/410604738_251577541275162_6284114769265110804_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=aIucivruE4QQ7kNvgFZTK_w&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCz4MQA5dUhR220MwnNtVTQR4t_L-xS_4XzFjTNj43iyg&amp;oe=67567705&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/410604738_251577541275162_6284114769265110804_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=aIucivruE4QQ7kNvgFZTK_w&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCz4MQA5dUhR220MwnNtVTQR4t_L-xS_4XzFjTNj43iyg&amp;oe=67567705&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/410604738_251577541275162_6284114769265110804_n.heiclow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/410604738_251577541275162_6284114769265110804_n.heicfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">What&#039;s inside Mini Circuits RF Bias-Tee?\n\nZFBT-4R2<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"What&#039;s inside Mini Circuits RF Bias-Tee?\n\nZFBT-4R2GW+\n0.1MHz-4200MHz\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #rfdesign #hardware #electronicdesign #electronicdesign #circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#circuitdesign #minicircuits\n#analogelectronics #sma\n#rf #biastee #ferrite #balun #coils\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17969293744815637\" data-date=\"1667762804\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CkoZV8rr-E0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/313843314_134126065858808_8446807263639723577_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=8Zkxey-d9yAQ7kNvgGPz4Zd&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBW__OhDZtq6tB8kZVYnrw2m3-b3XEH2AlOhOg_cP2reg&#038;oe=67567C5A\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/313843314_134126065858808_8446807263639723577_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=8Zkxey-d9yAQ7kNvgGPz4Zd&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBW__OhDZtq6tB8kZVYnrw2m3-b3XEH2AlOhOg_cP2reg&amp;oe=67567C5A&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/313843314_134126065858808_8446807263639723577_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=8Zkxey-d9yAQ7kNvgGPz4Zd&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBW__OhDZtq6tB8kZVYnrw2m3-b3XEH2AlOhOg_cP2reg&amp;oe=67567C5A&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313843314_134126065858808_8446807263639723577_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313843314_134126065858808_8446807263639723577_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an image from #analogdevices that shows th<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an image from #analogdevices that shows the relative noise level generated by different switching power supply topologies.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #emitroubleshooting\n#analogelectronics\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\n#grounding #buckboost #dcdc\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17969428753932238\" data-date=\"1667641439\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Ckkx23hLo1s\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/313924576_489884433087062_8411781638451061012_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=102&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=TjG4TuKImjIQ7kNvgFLZm53&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYA3qKLgjIolAgUiiswgt0yVD3sCDo6fPyC6TOfKnEmLsA&#038;oe=6756A1A0\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/313924576_489884433087062_8411781638451061012_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=TjG4TuKImjIQ7kNvgFLZm53&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYA3qKLgjIolAgUiiswgt0yVD3sCDo6fPyC6TOfKnEmLsA&amp;oe=6756A1A0&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/313924576_489884433087062_8411781638451061012_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=TjG4TuKImjIQ7kNvgFLZm53&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYA3qKLgjIolAgUiiswgt0yVD3sCDo6fPyC6TOfKnEmLsA&amp;oe=6756A1A0&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313924576_489884433087062_8411781638451061012_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/313924576_489884433087062_8411781638451061012_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">These are the printed circuit boards of the Ettus <\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"These are the printed circuit boards of the Ettus USRP N210 SDR transceiver.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#radioelectronics\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\n#printedcircuitboard #ettus #usrp\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17887755707733945\" data-date=\"1667724614\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CknQgKhrrIh\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/314402835_176279005065667_3989000794841823510_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=102&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=8KP01vTXpJ8Q7kNvgHea7ig&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYC599Kb-CyviT3YNRXUkfNrjaFiDGBRan4minaM6zIg8w&#038;oe=67567BBA\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/314402835_176279005065667_3989000794841823510_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=8KP01vTXpJ8Q7kNvgHea7ig&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYC599Kb-CyviT3YNRXUkfNrjaFiDGBRan4minaM6zIg8w&amp;oe=67567BBA&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/314402835_176279005065667_3989000794841823510_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=8KP01vTXpJ8Q7kNvgHea7ig&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYC599Kb-CyviT3YNRXUkfNrjaFiDGBRan4minaM6zIg8w&amp;oe=67567BBA&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/314402835_176279005065667_3989000794841823510_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/314402835_176279005065667_3989000794841823510_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a good example of how DC\/DC converters are<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a good example of how DC\/DC converters are laid out on a PCB. \nI hope the ground plates under the converters are also separated by islands.\n\nThese DC\/DC converters are on the printed circuit boardsof the Ettus USRP N210 SDR transceiver.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#radioelectronics\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\n#printedcircuitboard #ettus #usrp\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17983132471978534\" data-date=\"1679522407\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CqG286bApes\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.36329-15\/336952601_573150738124850_5481943087258242055_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=nSCxNTJNBw4Q7kNvgExsTsC&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDP4dkllV93xvltw0AFOhAXX8PMQXETKQw71ArcaaOxVg&#038;oe=67568205\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/336952601_573150738124850_5481943087258242055_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=nSCxNTJNBw4Q7kNvgExsTsC&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDP4dkllV93xvltw0AFOhAXX8PMQXETKQw71ArcaaOxVg&amp;oe=67568205&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/336952601_573150738124850_5481943087258242055_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=nSCxNTJNBw4Q7kNvgExsTsC&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDP4dkllV93xvltw0AFOhAXX8PMQXETKQw71ArcaaOxVg&amp;oe=67568205&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/337303742_9129077757165741_6388144291601684666_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/337303742_9129077757165741_6388144291601684666_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The phase lock loop (PLL) for the external low jit<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The phase lock loop (PLL) for the external low jitter VCXO 100MHz was implemented (see my previous post) and tested.\r\nThe PLL was designed using VHDL primitives on FPGA Cyclon V from Intel (Altera).\r\n\r\n4 LEDs show the locking sequence. They connected to the same 4 lock detection modules, but with different locking time.\r\n\r\nMultimeter is connected at the point where the output of the loop filter is connected to the VCXO. At the end of the video is visible that the VCXO input is very sensitive to the different disturbances. The wire of the multimeter works as an antenna and it breaks the stabilization of the PLL.\r\n\r\nThe #VHDL code will be used in my Software Defined Radio (SDR) hobby project.\r\n.\r\n.\n.\r\n#spelex #altera\r#fpga #Intel #terasic\r#radioelectronics #de1soc #cyclone\r#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics\r#rfdesign #sdr #hamradio #radioamateur #pll #vcxo\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17966072557971362\" data-date=\"1667660188\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CklVnqaNI-h\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/314017810_1177514259849220_7859464483976483157_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=zRBBY98gJLkQ7kNvgGzMyWt&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCMkBZXsL8X59ADluK4cz68GRBd8AUHEJVW89PA_su-Zw&#038;oe=67567C32\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/314017810_1177514259849220_7859464483976483157_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=zRBBY98gJLkQ7kNvgGzMyWt&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCMkBZXsL8X59ADluK4cz68GRBd8AUHEJVW89PA_su-Zw&amp;oe=67567C32&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/314017810_1177514259849220_7859464483976483157_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=zRBBY98gJLkQ7kNvgGzMyWt&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCMkBZXsL8X59ADluK4cz68GRBd8AUHEJVW89PA_su-Zw&amp;oe=67567C32&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/314017810_1177514259849220_7859464483976483157_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/314017810_1177514259849220_7859464483976483157_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\r\n\r\nPROJECT: \r\nSmart Metering with Sigfox (IoT).\r\n\r\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \r\nThe receiver on the breadboard wasn\u2019t sensitive enough. It didn\u2019t receive all messages transmitted. The evaluation board worked well and the RF connections and antenna were developed by RF experts.\r\n\r\n\r\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\r\nThe switching power supply emits high near-field and conductive RF noise. This noise disturbs the EMC harmony on the board and reduces the performance of the RF Sigfox chip.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex\r\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\r\n#emcconcept  #groundingconcept\r\n#electromagneticcompatibility\r\n#emitroubleshooting #grounding\r\n#highspeedsignal #fr #sigfox\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18042889495619767\" data-date=\"1712776728\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/C5l6lv-rJLD\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/437718725_1466632947589704_374957246167937509_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=107&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=eOVyyc4YYl0Q7kNvgG66cws&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCtaupEy0jTlcDdvdt3sFZTOjhsoZKlYF8rtDT_agU2rw&#038;oe=67569649\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/437718725_1466632947589704_374957246167937509_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=eOVyyc4YYl0Q7kNvgG66cws&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCtaupEy0jTlcDdvdt3sFZTOjhsoZKlYF8rtDT_agU2rw&amp;oe=67569649&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/437718725_1466632947589704_374957246167937509_n.heic?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=eOVyyc4YYl0Q7kNvgG66cws&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCtaupEy0jTlcDdvdt3sFZTOjhsoZKlYF8rtDT_agU2rw&amp;oe=67569649&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/437718725_1466632947589704_374957246167937509_n.heiclow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/437718725_1466632947589704_374957246167937509_n.heicfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">There are different types of noise distribution th<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"There are different types of noise distribution that can be statistically measured with the help of an oscilloscope. A few of them, the most popular, are shown in the picture.\n\nThis information can help to find a source of the problem during EMC\/EMI debugging in a very low noise system. \n\nThe picture was taken from one of Teledyne webinars.\n\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicmeasurement \n#lownoisedesign #emc #emv #noise #emi\n#signalintegrity #powerintegrity\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics\n#rfdesign #highspeedcircuit #teledyne #oscilloscope\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18254829211112676\" data-date=\"1667576206\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cki1b2pNJV2\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/314349252_849083819848906_8336682909525277228_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=100&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=GjR_pROFHbMQ7kNvgGjjrID&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDCbsa-vU5Z0fPnJWzif6ckuogOkGQy8KFGhAQ1OsMJwA&#038;oe=67567AF9\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/314349252_849083819848906_8336682909525277228_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=GjR_pROFHbMQ7kNvgGjjrID&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDCbsa-vU5Z0fPnJWzif6ckuogOkGQy8KFGhAQ1OsMJwA&amp;oe=67567AF9&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/314349252_849083819848906_8336682909525277228_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=GjR_pROFHbMQ7kNvgGjjrID&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDCbsa-vU5Z0fPnJWzif6ckuogOkGQy8KFGhAQ1OsMJwA&amp;oe=67567AF9&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/314349252_849083819848906_8336682909525277228_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/314349252_849083819848906_8336682909525277228_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">These are the RF Up-Converter and Down-Converter P<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"These are the RF Up-Converter and Down-Converter PCBs of the Ettus USRP SDR transceiver.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsprojects\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#radioelectronics\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf #trx #tranceiver #receiver\n#rfdesign #sdr #highspeedcircuit\n#hamradio #radioamateur\n#printedcircuitboard #ettus #usrp\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17916703778334959\" data-date=\"1652963527\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CdvVZrQA8sA\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.36329-15\/282137620_797737621612529_2319048521653238209_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=CRBoKr5atmcQ7kNvgHVWDZ7&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYByEQPEbG2XBV9IQBs5CXzs3gFT71AELgZCPeSltFeAsQ&#038;oe=675671D8\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/282137620_797737621612529_2319048521653238209_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=CRBoKr5atmcQ7kNvgHVWDZ7&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYByEQPEbG2XBV9IQBs5CXzs3gFT71AELgZCPeSltFeAsQ&amp;oe=675671D8&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.36329-15\\\/282137620_797737621612529_2319048521653238209_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=CRBoKr5atmcQ7kNvgHVWDZ7&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYByEQPEbG2XBV9IQBs5CXzs3gFT71AELgZCPeSltFeAsQ&amp;oe=675671D8&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/283024471_715428039498866_3011446576043174292_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/283024471_715428039498866_3011446576043174292_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Variable Noise Filter is a very useful and quite r<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Variable Noise Filter is a very useful and quite rare feature of an oscilloscope. \n\nI am wonder that, the budget version of the mixed signal oscilloscope from Textronix MSO2024B has this feature - Noise Filter\/Glitch filter. This option allows directing the input signal through a lowpass filter that can be adjusted from 6 kHz to 200 MHz band.\n\nAs a result, the signal in the desired frequency bandwidth looks good readable and excellent for reports.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #emitroubleshooting\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\n#noise #filter #tektronix #oscilloscope #measurements #lowpass #glitch\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17871296099847818\" data-date=\"1677265620\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CpDmho4rFnI\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/333212026_582255457138555_7487659093094569525_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=100&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=0kwzOqg1KCYQ7kNvgHhhbrH&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDBIN80zCoM7EWFdfIq3IuywwmgDe8hZzULxLiza2JGGw&#038;oe=67567EAE\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/333212026_582255457138555_7487659093094569525_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=0kwzOqg1KCYQ7kNvgHhhbrH&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDBIN80zCoM7EWFdfIq3IuywwmgDe8hZzULxLiza2JGGw&amp;oe=67567EAE&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/333212026_582255457138555_7487659093094569525_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=0kwzOqg1KCYQ7kNvgHhhbrH&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDBIN80zCoM7EWFdfIq3IuywwmgDe8hZzULxLiza2JGGw&amp;oe=67567EAE&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/333212026_582255457138555_7487659093094569525_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/333212026_582255457138555_7487659093094569525_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\n\r\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\r\n\r\nPROJECT: \r\nInstrument Electronics of a Space System (Spacecraft)\r\n\r\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \r\nThe electronic module generated a high level of Common-Mode (CM) Conducted Emissions (CE) at the primary power side of the DC\/DC converter.\r\n\r\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\r\nUnwanted current spikes occured during nominal system operation. The generated EMI propagated through the system and appeared on the primary input lines. The primary side of the DC\/DC converter requires optimization (filtering).\r\n.\r\n.\r\n.\r\n#spelex\r\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\r\n#emcconcept #emi #filter\r\n#electromagneticcompatibility\r\n#emitroubleshooting\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17924868116153828\" data-date=\"1651071693\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cc29kyNNG2z\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/279380855_317753000486037_2053581331001902453_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=104&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=QgllhVe-6vgQ7kNvgHpWVNI&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYB3DY1yX4mPbrqkJ6i_BDtDluWrd7WD3E9ebxX22jgO5w&#038;oe=675677E7\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/279380855_317753000486037_2053581331001902453_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=QgllhVe-6vgQ7kNvgHpWVNI&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB3DY1yX4mPbrqkJ6i_BDtDluWrd7WD3E9ebxX22jgO5w&amp;oe=675677E7&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/279380855_317753000486037_2053581331001902453_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=QgllhVe-6vgQ7kNvgHpWVNI&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB3DY1yX4mPbrqkJ6i_BDtDluWrd7WD3E9ebxX22jgO5w&amp;oe=675677E7&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/279380855_317753000486037_2053581331001902453_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/279380855_317753000486037_2053581331001902453_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a method to reduce the conducted emissions<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a method to reduce the conducted emissions (EMI) from the DC\/DC converter to the RF circuit.\n\nAn RF amplifier built with JFET transistors requires a negative bias voltage at the gate electrode.\nVery often this voltage is generated by a DC\/DC converter. Which generate a wide range of electromagnetic interference and can interfere with the target signal.\n\nA moat in the ground plane around a DC\/DC converter directs the converters ground current away from other components. \n\nIn general, this is a very good electronics design rule, and can be applied to more than just RF circuits.\n\nThe picture is from the book:\n&quot;Essentials of RF and Microwave Grounding&quot;\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept \n#electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting\n#electronicengineer\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #rf\n#rfdesign #rfamplifier #printedcircuitboard\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17915924936349271\" data-date=\"1653720016\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CeF42bstlsn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/283897765_1167404637381412_7025097042458954224_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=106&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=yUJqKjxllecQ7kNvgFkMwu6&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYBHgw1hZwe0EwbFkbl61xwlWzJ3iDi_pmSVO157v_zNJQ&#038;oe=67569C36\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/283897765_1167404637381412_7025097042458954224_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=yUJqKjxllecQ7kNvgFkMwu6&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBHgw1hZwe0EwbFkbl61xwlWzJ3iDi_pmSVO157v_zNJQ&amp;oe=67569C36&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/283897765_1167404637381412_7025097042458954224_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=yUJqKjxllecQ7kNvgFkMwu6&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYBHgw1hZwe0EwbFkbl61xwlWzJ3iDi_pmSVO157v_zNJQ&amp;oe=67569C36&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/283897765_1167404637381412_7025097042458954224_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/283897765_1167404637381412_7025097042458954224_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Assembled Wilkilson RF power splitter\/combiner bas<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Assembled Wilkilson RF power splitter\/combiner based on lumped components.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #rf\n#rfdesign #analogdevices #we #w\u00fcrthelektronik\n#wilkinson\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18304111348011317\" data-date=\"1653811909\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CeIoHzqNEOo\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/284332845_430694955562714_1357803137691127185_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=108&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=8IJ2EmwSykcQ7kNvgHWIMFl&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDBHidQ3p7sE_7kizAFyykyT8S3fB2GgGYvmfmYcmtGFw&#038;oe=675675EE\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/284332845_430694955562714_1357803137691127185_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=8IJ2EmwSykcQ7kNvgHWIMFl&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDBHidQ3p7sE_7kizAFyykyT8S3fB2GgGYvmfmYcmtGFw&amp;oe=675675EE&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/284332845_430694955562714_1357803137691127185_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=8IJ2EmwSykcQ7kNvgHWIMFl&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDBHidQ3p7sE_7kizAFyykyT8S3fB2GgGYvmfmYcmtGFw&amp;oe=675675EE&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/284332845_430694955562714_1357803137691127185_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/284332845_430694955562714_1357803137691127185_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an assembled RF power preamplifier circuit<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an assembled RF power preamplifier circuit board built with lumped components.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #rf\n#rfdesign #analogdevices #we #w\u00fcrthelektronik\n#rfamplifier #printedcircuitboard\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17952679460247815\" data-date=\"1667854275\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CkrHz0FrXMy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/314526100_853608375664181_107643947609615491_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=ctTweTB9f6oQ7kNvgG0CI0h&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYARON1aJ3rR18vOrjkZ0UBU1Wr1EQRsem95oT2CrQZ9uQ&#038;oe=6756A31E\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/314526100_853608375664181_107643947609615491_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ctTweTB9f6oQ7kNvgG0CI0h&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYARON1aJ3rR18vOrjkZ0UBU1Wr1EQRsem95oT2CrQZ9uQ&amp;oe=6756A31E&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/314526100_853608375664181_107643947609615491_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=ctTweTB9f6oQ7kNvgG0CI0h&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYARON1aJ3rR18vOrjkZ0UBU1Wr1EQRsem95oT2CrQZ9uQ&amp;oe=6756A31E&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/314526100_853608375664181_107643947609615491_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/314526100_853608375664181_107643947609615491_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an example of protecting the analog output<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an example of protecting the analog outputs of industrial controllers. \nThe circuit has EMC, ESD, overvoltage and fault voltage tollerance protection.\n\nThe example taken from #texasinstruments application note.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting\n#electromagneticcompatibility \n#emcconsulting #electricalprotection\n#industrialdesign #tvs #esd\n#automation #industrialcontroller #fault\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18190495171167193\" data-date=\"1651946187\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CdRBioQrfMt\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/280181143_684349132675306_3348380978356431205_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=eJRKNLSyTPwQ7kNvgHXUdec&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYA7whFw_jtNnLXHblpOglepgsFwczWS2run0kJBvvDtKA&#038;oe=67567077\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280181143_684349132675306_3348380978356431205_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=eJRKNLSyTPwQ7kNvgHXUdec&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYA7whFw_jtNnLXHblpOglepgsFwczWS2run0kJBvvDtKA&amp;oe=67567077&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/280181143_684349132675306_3348380978356431205_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=eJRKNLSyTPwQ7kNvgHXUdec&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYA7whFw_jtNnLXHblpOglepgsFwczWS2run0kJBvvDtKA&amp;oe=67567077&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280181143_684349132675306_3348380978356431205_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/280181143_684349132675306_3348380978356431205_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">These are useful pictures that explain how electri<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"These are useful pictures that explain how electric return current flows at different frequencies (1KHz, 50KHz, 1MHz). \n\nThe current returns to the source through the least impedance path. The impedance value depends on the frequency. So the return current can flow into the absolutely different directions on the PCB.\n\nAs a result, critical signals can be corrupted by electromagnetic interference (EMI) and EMC problems can occur in the system.\n\nTherefore, when designing or reviewing a PCB, try to think about the possible return current paths for each signal.\n\nThe pictures are from Design Tips 2008.\nBruce Archambeault\nResistive vs. Inductive Return Current Paths\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsengineering #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #electronicdesign #emitroubleshooting #pcb #pcbdesign\n#analogelectronics #printedcircuitboard\n#emc #emv #emi #digitalelectronics #electromagneticcompatibility\n#grounding #groundingconcepts #signalIntegrity #powerintegrity #returncurrentpath\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17959150660770938\" data-date=\"1654851767\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cennfn5r1be\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/286658281_699542051126615_475944858422123824_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&#038;_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=lZUz0mnrrn0Q7kNvgFdFTDW&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYC--s4BbnOCkwl74Y1cQG05MAoRNMyNSaHkF59Tn6t7xA&#038;oe=675687CA\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/286658281_699542051126615_475944858422123824_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=lZUz0mnrrn0Q7kNvgFdFTDW&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYC--s4BbnOCkwl74Y1cQG05MAoRNMyNSaHkF59Tn6t7xA&amp;oe=675687CA&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/286658281_699542051126615_475944858422123824_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg_tt6&amp;_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=lZUz0mnrrn0Q7kNvgFdFTDW&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYC--s4BbnOCkwl74Y1cQG05MAoRNMyNSaHkF59Tn6t7xA&amp;oe=675687CA&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/286658281_699542051126615_475944858422123824_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/286658281_699542051126615_475944858422123824_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The photo shows some changes on the PCB of the RF <\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The photo shows some changes on the PCB of the RF amplifier to reduce the quality factor (de-Q) of the RF Choke (RFC). These changes will ensure the stability and performance of the RF amplifier.\n\nSome low-pass or Bias-T filters that built with high quality components (low R inductor and low ESR capacitor) and at some ratio between their values will have a resonant frequency. At these unwanted resonant frequencies, the low pass filter has a resonant spike and can act as a bandpass filter.\n\nThe de-Q procedure helps to dampen the filter, which has been implicitly formed from the inductor and decoupling capacitors. When designing filters or RF chokes, the self-resonant frequencies (SRF) of the coils as well as LC damping must be taken into account.\n\nThe second and third figures show the transfer functions (S21) of the RF amplifier without and with damping elements of the bias-t, that I have measured with a help of a VNA.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept #emitroubleshooting #pcb #pcbdesign #rfc #rf #choke\n#qfactor #filter #resonans #measurement\n#agilent #vna\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17937796997045627\" data-date=\"1650701276\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Ccr7D8KthwQ\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/278872814_1032787177320386_6855604794824943940_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=101&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=IEb_nkjkJCAQ7kNvgFN6TCH&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYD3tbcdJgtlR7KR_TbBq9s4ha70oVaQ9NCZFYT0l5FS_w&#038;oe=67568B6F\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278872814_1032787177320386_6855604794824943940_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=IEb_nkjkJCAQ7kNvgFN6TCH&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD3tbcdJgtlR7KR_TbBq9s4ha70oVaQ9NCZFYT0l5FS_w&amp;oe=67568B6F&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/278872814_1032787177320386_6855604794824943940_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=IEb_nkjkJCAQ7kNvgFN6TCH&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYD3tbcdJgtlR7KR_TbBq9s4ha70oVaQ9NCZFYT0l5FS_w&amp;oe=67568B6F&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278872814_1032787177320386_6855604794824943940_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/278872814_1032787177320386_6855604794824943940_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">With the help of these photos, I would like to hig<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"With the help of these photos, I would like to highlight the various EMI \/ EMC design methods that helped the developer create a low noise precision electronics and go through the necessary EMC tests.\n\nLook at PCB layout at specific locations, component placement, and functional grouping on the board.\n\nThese are fotos of the Analog Output Module APAX-5028 from #Advantech company.\n\nThis high-precision (14 bit) module is used in industrial automation and, of course, complies with EMC - CE and FCC Class A certifications.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting\n#electromagneticcompatibility \n#emcconsulting #industrialcontrol\n#pcb #printedcircuitboard \n#automation #filter #emifilter \n#commonmodechokes\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17919543683229567\" data-date=\"1644409801\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CZwbBjyrO8f\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/273582591_246858947502340_3151996342619635814_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=pshmz8lp4-cQ7kNvgGNdzSF&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDscdKx0PhoVGC42YA-QVV2v-ldgaz_iNly8fzg08yqxg&#038;oe=67566B81\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273582591_246858947502340_3151996342619635814_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=pshmz8lp4-cQ7kNvgGNdzSF&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDscdKx0PhoVGC42YA-QVV2v-ldgaz_iNly8fzg08yqxg&amp;oe=67566B81&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273582591_246858947502340_3151996342619635814_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=pshmz8lp4-cQ7kNvgGNdzSF&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDscdKx0PhoVGC42YA-QVV2v-ldgaz_iNly8fzg08yqxg&amp;oe=67566B81&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273582591_246858947502340_3151996342619635814_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273582591_246858947502340_3151996342619635814_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved during EMI troubleshooting.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nSmart House System.\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nPoor voice quality when making a phone call or a voice command.\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nAn internal EMC problem due to the emission of digital signals causing interference to on the audio intercom system.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #emcconsulting\n#emcconcept \n#electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18243569527128532\" data-date=\"1657562903\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cf4ak6wLRK4\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/292951188_734087524542862_3982877291135561415_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&#038;_nc_cat=109&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=w6zRpIi7mX0Q7kNvgFMh5v-&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYCF2zBLVAksgD7t8LUzzSn0Kglc_7fuDcSTsMipllZilw&#038;oe=67568B37\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/292951188_734087524542862_3982877291135561415_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=w6zRpIi7mX0Q7kNvgFMh5v-&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCF2zBLVAksgD7t8LUzzSn0Kglc_7fuDcSTsMipllZilw&amp;oe=67568B37&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/292951188_734087524542862_3982877291135561415_n.webp?stp=dst-jpg&amp;_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=w6zRpIi7mX0Q7kNvgFMh5v-&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYCF2zBLVAksgD7t8LUzzSn0Kglc_7fuDcSTsMipllZilw&amp;oe=67568B37&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/292951188_734087524542862_3982877291135561415_n.webplow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/292951188_734087524542862_3982877291135561415_n.webpfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">On way of connecting Source electrode of the Power<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"On way of connecting Source electrode of the Power GaAs FET to the Ground in the RF Power Amplifier.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign #rf\n#rfdesign #analogdevices #we #gaasfet\n#rfamplifier #printedcircuitboard #amplifier #poweramplifier\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17896935704476930\" data-date=\"1644328334\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/reel\/CZt_h-QAtfH\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/273574424_1106245883523062_2717231728005593458_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=OZVQAVetvLMQ7kNvgGQjm1t&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYADuFrrkK8GsNS54qGL2mtYPNrYp0vVS14OeEycwdQ26w&#038;oe=67568E10\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273574424_1106245883523062_2717231728005593458_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=OZVQAVetvLMQ7kNvgGQjm1t&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYADuFrrkK8GsNS54qGL2mtYPNrYp0vVS14OeEycwdQ26w&amp;oe=67568E10&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/273574424_1106245883523062_2717231728005593458_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=OZVQAVetvLMQ7kNvgGQjm1t&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYADuFrrkK8GsNS54qGL2mtYPNrYp0vVS14OeEycwdQ26w&amp;oe=67568E10&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273574424_1106245883523062_2717231728005593458_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/273574424_1106245883523062_2717231728005593458_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">When the comparator&#039;s hysteresis is small and chan<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"When the comparator&#039;s hysteresis is small and changes with a temperature variation.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc #emv\n#emitroubleshooting #measurements \n#oscilloscope #comparator\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18029594665332536\" data-date=\"1641939967\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CYm0MJot4Ez\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/271633405_853456708964147_5299408104026894532_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=YkhfZ05yC0QQ7kNvgGxMJ3-&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYDhvM68o_rLTkNxBYbct4w0QKeoVjEymo-f-nRqHPVcbg&#038;oe=67566EEA\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271633405_853456708964147_5299408104026894532_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=YkhfZ05yC0QQ7kNvgGxMJ3-&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDhvM68o_rLTkNxBYbct4w0QKeoVjEymo-f-nRqHPVcbg&amp;oe=67566EEA&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271633405_853456708964147_5299408104026894532_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=YkhfZ05yC0QQ7kNvgGxMJ3-&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYDhvM68o_rLTkNxBYbct4w0QKeoVjEymo-f-nRqHPVcbg&amp;oe=67566EEA&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271633405_853456708964147_5299408104026894532_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271633405_853456708964147_5299408104026894532_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This are measurements of an LVDS signal with diffe<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This are measurements of an LVDS signal with different type of oscilloscope probes. The signal is measured at a load side with 100ohm resistor. Between an LVDS driver and the load are #PCB traces, connector, cable and another connector.\nOn the top side of the picture is a measurement with a help of single ended probes, on the bottom side with a differential probe #tpd1000. There is also a strong (in the form of a jump in amplitude) reflection caused by the impedance mismatch.\nThe differential probe measurement is a very useful to check the signal integrity, but not always suitable for EMI measurement. The single active probe measurement can help to find source of EMI.\n\nThis is part of the tests (EMI troubleshooting) to eliminate electromagnetic interference related to emission and immunity.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting\n#emcconsulting #lvds\n#measurements #oscilloscope #tektronix #signalintegrity\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17923568348087455\" data-date=\"1641374577\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CYV9y3dtnvn\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/271218984_144489867954698_5914440190492988700_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=LalO5hN26H8Q7kNvgHwwpkl&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&#038;oh=00_AYB97FnKV_pz4nHhVQzeIOzW-P6PChaiE6UyblPN5MKpWg&#038;oe=67569F2A\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271218984_144489867954698_5914440190492988700_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=LalO5hN26H8Q7kNvgHwwpkl&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB97FnKV_pz4nHhVQzeIOzW-P6PChaiE6UyblPN5MKpWg&amp;oe=67569F2A&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/271218984_144489867954698_5914440190492988700_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=LalO5hN26H8Q7kNvgHwwpkl&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=Ay8mqcURkLWfHWatWm9IRHO&amp;oh=00_AYB97FnKV_pz4nHhVQzeIOzW-P6PChaiE6UyblPN5MKpWg&amp;oe=67569F2A&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271218984_144489867954698_5914440190492988700_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/271218984_144489867954698_5914440190492988700_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a measurement of a LVDS signal generated b<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a measurement of a LVDS signal generated by SN65LVDS1 (630-Mbps) driver. The driver is connected to a LVDS receiver at a distance of about 25cm. \n\nThe signal has no signal integrity problem, but there are oscillations that occur due to the SKEW between differential signal + PCB (non-uniformity of board fibers). This oscillations can cause EMI problems at 500MHz.\n\nIn case of a short differential PCB trace(less 7cm), these oscillations can be overlapped with reflections from the LVDS receiver. These type of combination change the quality of the rising edge of the pulse. Some rising edge sensitive applications will have signal integrity issues that are detected during these measurements (EMI troubleshooting).\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #emi #emc \n#emitroubleshooting\n#emcconsulting #lvds #ti\n#measurements #oscilloscope #tektronix\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17904893561079891\" data-date=\"1633252730\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CUj6meuNIbA\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/244005638_906273913325318_7383126532868813463_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=CD67_AcRLH8Q7kNvgG8HC6u&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYCspiZfCzubpzkk0uBw2eKXajrda4UsK7QQ6484INXJUA&#038;oe=675672C8\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/244005638_906273913325318_7383126532868813463_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=CD67_AcRLH8Q7kNvgG8HC6u&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYCspiZfCzubpzkk0uBw2eKXajrda4UsK7QQ6484INXJUA&amp;oe=675672C8&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/244005638_906273913325318_7383126532868813463_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=CD67_AcRLH8Q7kNvgG8HC6u&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYCspiZfCzubpzkk0uBw2eKXajrda4UsK7QQ6484INXJUA&amp;oe=675672C8&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/244005638_906273913325318_7383126532868813463_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/244005638_906273913325318_7383126532868813463_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a fine tuning process with a VNA help of t<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a fine tuning process with a VNA help of the filter from my previous posts. The external variable capacitors allows to perform tuning with closed shielded cover. The shielding effect you can see in the next posts.\n\nOn the board is an elliptical LPF 7 order.\n\nThis low pass filter is the input stage of the receiver (SDR). This filter eliminates influence of the external electromagnetic interference (EMI).\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsengineering #electronicsprojects #hardware\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#radioelectronics\n#analogelectronics\n#rfdesign #rf\n#filter #coilcraft #lpf #harwin\n#vna #vectornetworkanalyser \n#emi #emitroubleshooting\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18001141321369512\" data-date=\"1633723648\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CUx8zgutIDr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/244598705_601473851212964_4725438811289727982_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=NNQgKAc7ifIQ7kNvgGko4Bm&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYAVo7EZXzmo0okxg2YXgcf3D35INKX8M9rAxv9B4KXsIA&#038;oe=675680FF\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/244598705_601473851212964_4725438811289727982_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=NNQgKAc7ifIQ7kNvgGko4Bm&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAVo7EZXzmo0okxg2YXgcf3D35INKX8M9rAxv9B4KXsIA&amp;oe=675680FF&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/244598705_601473851212964_4725438811289727982_n.jpg?_nc_cat=100&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=NNQgKAc7ifIQ7kNvgGko4Bm&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAVo7EZXzmo0okxg2YXgcf3D35INKX8M9rAxv9B4KXsIA&amp;oe=675680FF&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/244598705_601473851212964_4725438811289727982_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/244598705_601473851212964_4725438811289727982_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Sometimes, it is difficult to get correct results <\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Sometimes, it is difficult to get correct results with 2 ports measurements (VNA).\n\nIn this case, it is necessary to connect heavy artillery - 4 ports VNA.\n\nThis is a fine tuning process with a VNA help of the differential RF filter from my previous posts.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsengineering #electronicsprojects #hardware\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#radioelectronics\n#analogelectronics\n#rfdesign #rf\n#filter #coilcraft\n#vna #vectornetworkanalyser \n#emi #emitroubleshooting\n#electronicmeasurements\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17885171690424584\" data-date=\"1629545682\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CS1b-AUjMUq\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/239641349_966114683965705_4311469455033410541_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=zrums3c2wywQ7kNvgHxrfHk&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYAX0OXs6k7A6pTnmj5ji_TWj3HKTT4-EV0sLPOopDIBiA&#038;oe=6756841A\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/239641349_966114683965705_4311469455033410541_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=zrums3c2wywQ7kNvgHxrfHk&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAX0OXs6k7A6pTnmj5ji_TWj3HKTT4-EV0sLPOopDIBiA&amp;oe=6756841A&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/239641349_966114683965705_4311469455033410541_n.jpg?_nc_cat=107&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=zrums3c2wywQ7kNvgHxrfHk&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAX0OXs6k7A6pTnmj5ji_TWj3HKTT4-EV0sLPOopDIBiA&amp;oe=6756841A&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/239641349_966114683965705_4311469455033410541_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/239641349_966114683965705_4311469455033410541_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Measured eye-pattern of a clock signal 1200MHz. Lo<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Measured eye-pattern of a clock signal 1200MHz. Looks not bad, but the jitter need some analysis.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsengineering #electronicsprojects #hardware\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign #electronicsolution\n#analogelectronics\n#digitalelectronics\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility #signalintegrity #tektronix #rf\n#rfmeasurements #eyepattern #jitter\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18174264220197001\" data-date=\"1634995833\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CVX3TlUNg5a\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/247109981_3157072011196660_8835938879092204229_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=HKHr4fIxMAEQ7kNvgGOIpkk&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYDKl99MyTHZp4EoH0TNSzbYHOCXH1KovZnwAbfV9U8trw&#038;oe=67568071\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/247109981_3157072011196660_8835938879092204229_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=HKHr4fIxMAEQ7kNvgGOIpkk&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDKl99MyTHZp4EoH0TNSzbYHOCXH1KovZnwAbfV9U8trw&amp;oe=67568071&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/247109981_3157072011196660_8835938879092204229_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=HKHr4fIxMAEQ7kNvgGOIpkk&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDKl99MyTHZp4EoH0TNSzbYHOCXH1KovZnwAbfV9U8trw&amp;oe=67568071&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/247109981_3157072011196660_8835938879092204229_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/247109981_3157072011196660_8835938879092204229_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A low noise and high performance electronic need a<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A low noise and high performance electronic need a good power supply. This linear power supply looks good for this purpose. \n\nDC - 7.4v\/1A from Aiwa.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicstudent  #electronicsengineering #electronicsprojects #hardware\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#circuitdesign \n#electronicprojects\n#electronicslovers #electronicsolution\n#analogelectronics\n#digitalelectronics\n#diy #diyelectronics #powersupply #aiwa \n#linearpowersupply\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17914422811941938\" data-date=\"1629664140\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CS496KBrc8X\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/239739770_555980785852769_1899411087182663287_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=WP5IvcthGtIQ7kNvgGeY7ff&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYAEzdSnrXk9zGk9Mnbe6u3fdy0prmsZgU7rKVVXw4bIgw&#038;oe=67569D4D\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/239739770_555980785852769_1899411087182663287_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=WP5IvcthGtIQ7kNvgGeY7ff&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAEzdSnrXk9zGk9Mnbe6u3fdy0prmsZgU7rKVVXw4bIgw&amp;oe=67569D4D&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/239739770_555980785852769_1899411087182663287_n.jpg?_nc_cat=105&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=WP5IvcthGtIQ7kNvgGeY7ff&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAEzdSnrXk9zGk9Mnbe6u3fdy0prmsZgU7rKVVXw4bIgw&amp;oe=67569D4D&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/239739770_555980785852769_1899411087182663287_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/239739770_555980785852769_1899411087182663287_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a design of a Low Pass Filter in the Caden<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a design of a Low Pass Filter in the Cadence (Microwave Office)\nElliptic LPF, 7 order, 50MHz.\nEvery inductance from the Coilcraft have  S-parameters models, that were used during the simulation.\n\nThe filter is a part of the project Analog Front End from my previous posts.\n\nIn the current configuration, the board will be used in the project Software Defined Radio. For the such type Direct Convertional Receives the Nyquist zone of the ADC is becomming important. \nThe amplitude of the distortion signals from the Nyquist Zones can be to much for the low signals, that need to be received in the first Zone.\n\nThe ADC (LTC2217) has a bandwidth 400MHz. The clocking frequency is 100MH\nThe First Zone: 0-50 MHz,\nthe Second: 50-100MHZ,\nthe Third: 100-150MHz.\n\nTherefor, strong FM signals 88-108MHz will be additionally reduced with a help of a deep zero in LPF around 100MHz.\n\nIf you want to know the idea how to justify the attenuation  level of the FM transmitters, write comments.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicstudent  #electronicsengineering #electronicsprojects #hardware\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#circuitdesign\n#electronicprojects #electronicsolution\n#radioelectronics\n#analogelectronics\n#rfdesign #rf\n#simulation #microwaveoffice #cadence #nyquist #filter #coilcraft\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18257152300054054\" data-date=\"1633595007\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CUuHZSjgCwc\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/244630961_552628555796875_8782372101205142724_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=rx-Twphm3cIQ7kNvgGkewx8&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYDA2Eg_dm8J-mbi7yncapTPQ1Vw6KXXLmSIC2_9thrBjg&#038;oe=6756765A\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/244630961_552628555796875_8782372101205142724_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=rx-Twphm3cIQ7kNvgGkewx8&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDA2Eg_dm8J-mbi7yncapTPQ1Vw6KXXLmSIC2_9thrBjg&amp;oe=6756765A&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/244630961_552628555796875_8782372101205142724_n.jpg?_nc_cat=103&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=rx-Twphm3cIQ7kNvgGkewx8&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDA2Eg_dm8J-mbi7yncapTPQ1Vw6KXXLmSIC2_9thrBjg&amp;oe=6756765A&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/244630961_552628555796875_8782372101205142724_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/244630961_552628555796875_8782372101205142724_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">It is pretty complicated to build an external ante<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"It is pretty complicated to build an external antenna for short waves. Not all naibors can understand such type of hobby.\n\nWith this receiver Degen DE1103 is possible, at least,  listening to radio amateurs at short waves.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#hamradio\n#radioamateur\n#degen #de1103\n#degende1103 \n#shortwave #shortwaves #ssb \n#hobbyelectronics #analogcommunication\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17938548193597166\" data-date=\"1629731111\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CS69pVSjo04\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/240272638_134867898765588_4215231446385262756_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=RzGHaaZB-tYQ7kNvgGhdnEq&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYDbnPiAIBFrxsJ7eiS_a957WDMhRDx6ojqOOab3DxhD8A&#038;oe=67567991\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/240272638_134867898765588_4215231446385262756_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=RzGHaaZB-tYQ7kNvgGhdnEq&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDbnPiAIBFrxsJ7eiS_a957WDMhRDx6ojqOOab3DxhD8A&amp;oe=67567991&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/240272638_134867898765588_4215231446385262756_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=RzGHaaZB-tYQ7kNvgGhdnEq&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDbnPiAIBFrxsJ7eiS_a957WDMhRDx6ojqOOab3DxhD8A&amp;oe=67567991&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/240272638_134867898765588_4215231446385262756_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/240272638_134867898765588_4215231446385262756_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a big Signal Integrity(SI) problem, that w<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a big Signal Integrity(SI) problem, that was solved (see previous posts). It was statistically measured at the operating temperature: \n(-40) - (+85) grad. \n\nIn this case, the source of signal integrity violation is not only reflections in the circuit, but also strong ground bouncing. Clock: 1200MHz.\n\nThe board works more or less stably at room temperature.\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18137792239237995\" data-date=\"1636547501\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/tv\/CWGGlM9AchF\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/254495887_319020169653123_8548636915097886093_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=n8NIsSsRFukQ7kNvgHvUvTI&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYCJHg1lpptqyacAX2CmSG3LDuxgaP5yytxfpUBqyQ7Kxw&#038;oe=6756796F\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/254495887_319020169653123_8548636915097886093_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=n8NIsSsRFukQ7kNvgHvUvTI&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYCJHg1lpptqyacAX2CmSG3LDuxgaP5yytxfpUBqyQ7Kxw&amp;oe=6756796F&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/254495887_319020169653123_8548636915097886093_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=n8NIsSsRFukQ7kNvgHvUvTI&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYCJHg1lpptqyacAX2CmSG3LDuxgaP5yytxfpUBqyQ7Kxw&amp;oe=6756796F&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/254495887_319020169653123_8548636915097886093_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/254495887_319020169653123_8548636915097886093_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a process of making a base and protection <\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a process of making a base and protection from plexiglass for PCBs.\n\nThe boards are interconnected with a PCB connector and will be more durable and protected with this plexiglass construction.\n\nThe dxf files were prepaired in Altium.\nMy friend helped me to create the script to safety program the CNC machine and cut these shapes.\n\n------------------\u2010-----------------------\nThe project is an #RF Analog Front End, which will be connected to an #FPGA board (See my previous posts)\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #hardware #pcb #pcbdesign\n#altium #sdr #cnc #plexiglass #dxf\n.\n.\n.\nMusic: Turn Up The Watts\nMusician: Jason Shaw\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18228292966076286\" data-date=\"1631597971\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CTymZghNHrx\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/241880200_582392319566927_4191878618340520516_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=K4j_bhAFb0kQ7kNvgHMB8Lt&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYDDwfvL9O7ErsjUQ6bY3Dz7b2YDvb9tdeGIBa855GEuLg&#038;oe=67568160\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/241880200_582392319566927_4191878618340520516_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=K4j_bhAFb0kQ7kNvgHMB8Lt&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDDwfvL9O7ErsjUQ6bY3Dz7b2YDvb9tdeGIBa855GEuLg&amp;oe=67568160&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/241880200_582392319566927_4191878618340520516_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=K4j_bhAFb0kQ7kNvgHMB8Lt&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDDwfvL9O7ErsjUQ6bY3Dz7b2YDvb9tdeGIBa855GEuLg&amp;oe=67568160&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/241880200_582392319566927_4191878618340520516_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/241880200_582392319566927_4191878618340520516_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">These is a simulation of the DC voltage drop in cr<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"These is a simulation of the DC voltage drop in critical circuits in HyperLynx. (Picture 1)\nAnd the simulation over the  frequency to check the quality of the power distribution network, power integrity. (Picture 2).\n\nThe design Altium files were imported into Hyperlynx.\n\nThis is a small part of the Power Integrity Analysis.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicdesign\n#digitalelectronics\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility #mentorgraphics #hyperlynx #powerdistributionnetwork \n#powerintegrity \n#altiumdesigner\n#pcb #pcbdesign #simulation #siemens\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17960172628506753\" data-date=\"1636635515\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CWIuwIBtOUN\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/256322371_240714238122751_6877150100903414204_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=CB619x932PEQ7kNvgEoe3W0&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYCWUYotUtYQ8nfLOtNzWhPxWPrsVX6u3JNJgEUYbWM8zA&#038;oe=67569F1F\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/256322371_240714238122751_6877150100903414204_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=CB619x932PEQ7kNvgEoe3W0&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYCWUYotUtYQ8nfLOtNzWhPxWPrsVX6u3JNJgEUYbWM8zA&amp;oe=67569F1F&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/256322371_240714238122751_6877150100903414204_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=CB619x932PEQ7kNvgEoe3W0&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYCWUYotUtYQ8nfLOtNzWhPxWPrsVX6u3JNJgEUYbWM8zA&amp;oe=67569F1F&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/256322371_240714238122751_6877150100903414204_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/256322371_240714238122751_6877150100903414204_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Design for EMC - course was paid and 2 days of 3-d<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Design for EMC - course was paid and 2 days of 3-day training have already passed.\n\nThe flight into knowledge is excellent ...\n\nContinuous learning is the best investment.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #darylgerke\n#emiguru #emc #emi #emv \n#designforemc\n#emitroubleshooting \n#onlinecourses \n#electronicdesign\n#analogdesign \n#digitaldesign\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17909665676208880\" data-date=\"1638039280\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CWykOExL6iR\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/261184031_277526544180066_6519358551692310620_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=NJ0_hYXgAm8Q7kNvgGQY4SA&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYAqappou4YREoK4tPvwV-EfKPxdk1xOGUaLH1WsmiwNIQ&#038;oe=67566BDC\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/261184031_277526544180066_6519358551692310620_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=NJ0_hYXgAm8Q7kNvgGQY4SA&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAqappou4YREoK4tPvwV-EfKPxdk1xOGUaLH1WsmiwNIQ&amp;oe=67566BDC&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/261184031_277526544180066_6519358551692310620_n.jpg?_nc_cat=102&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=NJ0_hYXgAm8Q7kNvgGQY4SA&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAqappou4YREoK4tPvwV-EfKPxdk1xOGUaLH1WsmiwNIQ&amp;oe=67566BDC&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/261184031_277526544180066_6519358551692310620_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/261184031_277526544180066_6519358551692310620_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">High definition 4K \/ 8K monitors which are connect<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"High definition 4K \/ 8K monitors which are connected using an HDMI2.1 cable. This standard has a very wide spectrum up to 6GHz, compare to the HDMI2.0, which has up to 3GHz. \n\nThe spectrum of the HDMI2.1 is interfering with WIFI 2.4GHz and 5GHz. Therefore, the quality of the WIFI connection suffers. \n\nThese pictures are from the Murata website, which offers a solution to this problem.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #4k #8k #electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting #compliancetesting #hdmi \n#hdmicable #highspeedcircuit \n#shielding #hdmi21 #hdmi20 #murata\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17985707149405938\" data-date=\"1634311035\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CVDdKCnN48_\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/245806581_408435887560689_8281778275269692962_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=oKFPu0k9Qz4Q7kNvgEfpSSW&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYBv6iWpM4JIQUC4h0m0O3D5-4RXyH5JksxUD6xm___a_g&#038;oe=67569876\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/245806581_408435887560689_8281778275269692962_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=oKFPu0k9Qz4Q7kNvgEfpSSW&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYBv6iWpM4JIQUC4h0m0O3D5-4RXyH5JksxUD6xm___a_g&amp;oe=67569876&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/245806581_408435887560689_8281778275269692962_n.jpg?_nc_cat=104&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=oKFPu0k9Qz4Q7kNvgEfpSSW&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYBv6iWpM4JIQUC4h0m0O3D5-4RXyH5JksxUD6xm___a_g&amp;oe=67569876&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/245806581_408435887560689_8281778275269692962_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/245806581_408435887560689_8281778275269692962_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an evaluation board of RF switch HMC DC - <\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an evaluation board of RF switch HMC DC - 3GHz.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicstudent  #electronicmeasurement  #electronicsengineering #electronicsprojects #hardware\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#circuitdesign\n#radioelectronics \n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #rf\n#rfdesign #analogdevices #hittite\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18265816099034767\" data-date=\"1637089991\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CWWRmJ_NkLA\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/256921302_311552890557005_8847863657638854757_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=nAXkzRZWwUsQ7kNvgHXsiAX&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYAaL2ctKsFThBLdPLWg4HCwBe-0T_yw95q2RnZMkuFFUQ&#038;oe=67566BDA\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/256921302_311552890557005_8847863657638854757_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=nAXkzRZWwUsQ7kNvgHXsiAX&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAaL2ctKsFThBLdPLWg4HCwBe-0T_yw95q2RnZMkuFFUQ&amp;oe=67566BDA&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/256921302_311552890557005_8847863657638854757_n.jpg?_nc_cat=108&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=nAXkzRZWwUsQ7kNvgHXsiAX&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAaL2ctKsFThBLdPLWg4HCwBe-0T_yw95q2RnZMkuFFUQ&amp;oe=67566BDA&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/256921302_311552890557005_8847863657638854757_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/256921302_311552890557005_8847863657638854757_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This oscillation happens if the low pass filter at<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This oscillation happens if the low pass filter at the output of a power supply is not damped correctly. \n\nI have showed in my previous post the output voltage that I have measured with an oscilloscope.\n\nThe LTspice simulator can help to  find a solution without spending a time in the laboratory. \nFirst of all, try to simulate the schematic with parasitic elements (it is not so easy). \nThe simulation should represent the real situation. \nThen try to understand the reason of your problem and search for solution.\n\nAlways check if the power filter is damped properly. \n\nI had this problem during EMI\/EMC troubleshooting, when the circuit didn&#039;t work at all!!! \ud83d\ude31\n\nAt the output of this low pass filter was connected Point of Load (dc\/dc converter).\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#simulation\n#powersupply\n#powerintegrity\n#pdn #powerdistributionnetwork\n#emc #emi #emv #electromagneticcompatibility \n#emitroubleshooting\n#lowpassfilter #damping #dcdcconverter #spice #ltspice\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18260118469043466\" data-date=\"1635753220\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CVub6CELSbX\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/250762352_380176397184942_6859424957821514524_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=hmnm0BfybBcQ7kNvgF6_Yq2&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYBcbRZRGvW7FEWqSn2D_3aslH28s-9URow2CCJ0JE9nUw&#038;oe=6756950A\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/250762352_380176397184942_6859424957821514524_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=hmnm0BfybBcQ7kNvgF6_Yq2&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYBcbRZRGvW7FEWqSn2D_3aslH28s-9URow2CCJ0JE9nUw&amp;oe=6756950A&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/250762352_380176397184942_6859424957821514524_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=hmnm0BfybBcQ7kNvgF6_Yq2&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYBcbRZRGvW7FEWqSn2D_3aslH28s-9URow2CCJ0JE9nUw&amp;oe=6756950A&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/250762352_380176397184942_6859424957821514524_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/250762352_380176397184942_6859424957821514524_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved.\nEMI trouble<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"A new EMI\/EMC issue has been resolved.\nEMI troubleshooting.\nThe list with typical resolved EMI\/EMC problems is on the website: www.spelex-i.com\n\nPROJECT: \nAdvanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) \/ Time of Flight (ToF) LIDAR System (Automotive)\n\nDESCRIPTION OF THE PROBLEM: \nADC \u2013 Based Optical ToF System had a lower resolution than expected. The evaluation board worked well. There was a lot of noise in the converted ADC values. The form of digital signals at the ADC output was normal.\n\nSOURCE OF THE PROBLEM:\nThere were no signal integrity issues between ADC and FPGA. Ripples from a switching power supply (SMPS) modulated the clock signal source, which created additional jitter and reduced the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the ADC. The SMPS ripples reached the clock source through a non-optimal PCB grounding concept.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex\n#emc #emv #emi #electromagneticcompatibility\n#emitroubleshooting\n#adas #lidar #timeofflite #tof\n#automotive #automotivedesign\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17912609495066104\" data-date=\"1632209737\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CUE1QB4rRyL\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/242654683_1031720194244375_2255691306502552941_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=qkRT04CTbP4Q7kNvgFhKU8a&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYDHcc9lJ80-AjCUx3Vlqbs-OPDdfekuvZaBuRf6QKk1kQ&#038;oe=67568987\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/242654683_1031720194244375_2255691306502552941_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=qkRT04CTbP4Q7kNvgFhKU8a&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDHcc9lJ80-AjCUx3Vlqbs-OPDdfekuvZaBuRf6QKk1kQ&amp;oe=67568987&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/242654683_1031720194244375_2255691306502552941_n.jpg?_nc_cat=111&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=qkRT04CTbP4Q7kNvgFhKU8a&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDHcc9lJ80-AjCUx3Vlqbs-OPDdfekuvZaBuRf6QKk1kQ&amp;oe=67568987&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/242654683_1031720194244375_2255691306502552941_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/242654683_1031720194244375_2255691306502552941_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is an assambled Low Pass Filter of the Analog<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is an assambled Low Pass Filter of the Analog Front End.(SDR) \n\nSee my previous posts.\n\nIt was assembled separately to compare simulation results with a real hardware. It will be tuned accurately. The tunned values will be assembled on the main PCB.\n\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicsengineering #electronicsprojects #hardware\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#radioelectronics\n#analogelectronics\n#rfdesign #rf\n#filter #coilcraft #lpf #harwin\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_image sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_18244789048073940\" data-date=\"1638617173\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CXDydrULO7M\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/263406999_990938764823873_2138953718546263350_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=fW-YNocwrPIQ7kNvgE5up_V&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYAuA56u3eG7uRzu_6QoxfmBh2xvIUI-JY0d5k4DzLnfaw&#038;oe=6756914A\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/263406999_990938764823873_2138953718546263350_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=fW-YNocwrPIQ7kNvgE5up_V&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAuA56u3eG7uRzu_6QoxfmBh2xvIUI-JY0d5k4DzLnfaw&amp;oe=6756914A&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/263406999_990938764823873_2138953718546263350_n.jpg?_nc_cat=109&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=fW-YNocwrPIQ7kNvgE5up_V&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAuA56u3eG7uRzu_6QoxfmBh2xvIUI-JY0d5k4DzLnfaw&amp;oe=6756914A&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/263406999_990938764823873_2138953718546263350_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/263406999_990938764823873_2138953718546263350_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">Checking at home with SDR Play if the #VCXO is gen<\/span>\r\n            \t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"Checking at home with SDR Play if the #VCXO is generating a signal 100MHz. This is a low jitter clock signal for the ADC and DAC. \n\nThis VCXO will be stabilized with a digital #PLL that will be implemented in the FPGA.\n\nThen, a phase noise of the stabilized VCXO could be measured using a spectrum analyzer.\n\n------------------\u2010-----------------------\nThe project is an RF Analog Front End, which will be connected to an #FPGA board \n(See my previous posts)\n------------------------------------------\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #hardware #electronicdesign\n#circuitboard #pcb #pcbdesign\n#analogelectronics #digitalelectronics #sdr\n#rf #sdrplay \n#analogfrontend \n#electronicmeasurement\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17906634689204274\" data-date=\"1635623697\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/tv\/CVqkvpzgD_Z\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/250353189_681098232808419_9011425124989467422_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=hNqLStuHK7oQ7kNvgFGNAUD&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYAmQdCNV7S_1wdIezInMBnQRXE-jU_KSLWoHRy0yvoyaA&#038;oe=67567F2D\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/250353189_681098232808419_9011425124989467422_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=hNqLStuHK7oQ7kNvgFGNAUD&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAmQdCNV7S_1wdIezInMBnQRXE-jU_KSLWoHRy0yvoyaA&amp;oe=67567F2D&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/250353189_681098232808419_9011425124989467422_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=hNqLStuHK7oQ7kNvgFGNAUD&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYAmQdCNV7S_1wdIezInMBnQRXE-jU_KSLWoHRy0yvoyaA&amp;oe=67567F2D&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/250353189_681098232808419_9011425124989467422_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/250353189_681098232808419_9011425124989467422_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">This is a Reflow Soldering of components to the PC<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"This is a Reflow Soldering of components to the PCB in a reflow oven station.\n\nIt follows a prepared profile with four stages, preheat, thermal soak, reflow and cooling.\n\nSome pretty expencive component can be damaged, if the temperature, during the soldering process, will exceed the permissible level.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #esd #pcb #printedcircuitboard #pcbassembly #esdprotection \n#tools #esdtools #reflow #reflowovenstation #reflowoven  #protoflow #reflowsoldering\n.\n.\n.\n\nMusician: LiQWYD\nURL: http:\/\/www.soundcloud.com\/liqwyd\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17932137805760766\" data-date=\"1638979488\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CXOlhigNetG\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/265002910_1565566867135391_1194654056555864414_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=rHGXXYRAiNYQ7kNvgHOF4xi&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYCNZDAv2whyTRZY5yYQYWvRdYyifwhTwmQ4kUyyS3Y9rA&#038;oe=6756816D\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/265002910_1565566867135391_1194654056555864414_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=rHGXXYRAiNYQ7kNvgHOF4xi&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYCNZDAv2whyTRZY5yYQYWvRdYyifwhTwmQ4kUyyS3Y9rA&amp;oe=6756816D&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/265002910_1565566867135391_1194654056555864414_n.jpg?_nc_cat=106&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=rHGXXYRAiNYQ7kNvgHOF4xi&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYCNZDAv2whyTRZY5yYQYWvRdYyifwhTwmQ4kUyyS3Y9rA&amp;oe=6756816D&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/265002910_1565566867135391_1194654056555864414_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/265002910_1565566867135391_1194654056555864414_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">What&#039;s inside the Ethernet connector with internal<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"What&#039;s inside the Ethernet connector with internal transformers from the company MagJack.\n\nThere are 2 transformers and 2 common mode filters.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #ethernet #transformers\n#emc #emv #emi #connector #electromagneticcompatibility\n#magjack #balun\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_carousel sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17948764975564787\" data-date=\"1635360267\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/CViuaGsr99n\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/249169964_214142980698704_6974479581920362704_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=edmJkDy-3HIQ7kNvgG519gG&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYDUxDe437L64ioCo6niQq9bir_RwkvuEEVFiS9zgFYqvw&#038;oe=6756836D\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/249169964_214142980698704_6974479581920362704_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=edmJkDy-3HIQ7kNvgG519gG&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDUxDe437L64ioCo6niQq9bir_RwkvuEEVFiS9zgFYqvw&amp;oe=6756836D&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/249169964_214142980698704_6974479581920362704_n.jpg?_nc_cat=110&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=edmJkDy-3HIQ7kNvgG519gG&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYDUxDe437L64ioCo6niQq9bir_RwkvuEEVFiS9zgFYqvw&amp;oe=6756836D&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/249169964_214142980698704_6974479581920362704_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/249169964_214142980698704_6974479581920362704_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The W\u00fcrth Electronic has done a great webinar wit<\/span>\r\n            <svg class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-clone fa-w-16 sbi_lightbox_carousel_icon\" aria-hidden=\"true\" aria-label=\"Clone\" data-fa-pro\u0192cessed=\"\" data-prefix=\"far\" data-icon=\"clone\" role=\"img\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\">\n\t                <path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M464 0H144c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v48H48c-26.51 0-48 21.49-48 48v320c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h320c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48v-48h48c26.51 0 48-21.49 48-48V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zM362 464H54a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V150a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h42v224c0 26.51 21.49 48 48 48h224v42a6 6 0 0 1-6 6zm96-96H150a6 6 0 0 1-6-6V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h308a6 6 0 0 1 6 6v308a6 6 0 0 1-6 6z\"><\/path>\n\t            <\/svg>\t                    <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The W\u00fcrth Electronic has done a great webinar with cooperation of TU Graz today.\nThe topic was: ESD protection of High Speed interfaces. The USB3.2 interface was discussed as an example. \n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #esd #w\u00fcrthelektronik  #tugraz #emi #emc #electromagneticcompatibility #emitroubleshooting #usb3 \n#emv #esdsimulator #signalintegrity\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div><div class=\"sbi_item sbi_type_video sbi_new sbi_transition\" id=\"sbi_17906982398316144\" data-date=\"1635060437\">\r\n    <div class=\"sbi_photo_wrap\">\r\n        <a class=\"sbi_photo\" href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/tv\/CVZybJYgE8p\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" data-full-res=\"https:\/\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\/v\/t51.29350-15\/248515823_2971366813129131_1845718035148464925_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&#038;ccb=1-7&#038;_nc_sid=18de74&#038;_nc_ohc=eXkWA7K2HGgQ7kNvgGxxc6i&#038;_nc_zt=23&#038;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&#038;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&#038;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&#038;oh=00_AYCobgtvMSYLF4KQWsIvbXLQrvJDkioyKz9Neh3oVOEmfw&#038;oe=67568A91\" data-img-src-set=\"{&quot;d&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/248515823_2971366813129131_1845718035148464925_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=eXkWA7K2HGgQ7kNvgGxxc6i&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYCobgtvMSYLF4KQWsIvbXLQrvJDkioyKz9Neh3oVOEmfw&amp;oe=67568A91&quot;,&quot;150&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/scontent.cdninstagram.com\\\/v\\\/t51.29350-15\\\/248515823_2971366813129131_1845718035148464925_n.jpg?_nc_cat=101&amp;ccb=1-7&amp;_nc_sid=18de74&amp;_nc_ohc=eXkWA7K2HGgQ7kNvgGxxc6i&amp;_nc_zt=23&amp;_nc_ht=scontent.cdninstagram.com&amp;edm=ANo9K5cEAAAA&amp;_nc_gid=AGYsKLvTqLq25vI_p-hSQyh&amp;oh=00_AYCobgtvMSYLF4KQWsIvbXLQrvJDkioyKz9Neh3oVOEmfw&amp;oe=67568A91&quot;,&quot;320&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/248515823_2971366813129131_1845718035148464925_nlow.jpg&quot;,&quot;640&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.spelex-i.com\\\/electronics-expert\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sb-instagram-feed-images\\\/248515823_2971366813129131_1845718035148464925_nfull.jpg&quot;}\">\r\n            <span class=\"sbi-screenreader\">The linear Power Supply has not much High-frequenc<\/span>\r\n            \t        <svg style=\"color: rgba(255,255,255,1)\" class=\"svg-inline--fa fa-play fa-w-14 sbi_playbtn\" aria-label=\"Play\" aria-hidden=\"true\" data-fa-processed=\"\" data-prefix=\"fa\" data-icon=\"play\" role=\"presentation\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\"><path fill=\"currentColor\" d=\"M424.4 214.7L72.4 6.6C43.8-10.3 0 6.1 0 47.9V464c0 37.5 40.7 60.1 72.4 41.3l352-208c31.4-18.5 31.5-64.1 0-82.6z\"><\/path><\/svg>            <img src=\"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-content\/plugins\/instagram-feed\/img\/placeholder.png\" alt=\"The linear Power Supply has not much High-frequency noise, but it has a 50Hz\/100 Hz ripples, which can be easily filtered. \nOn the video are the 100Hz\/150mV ripples at the output of the power supply with a resistive load 1 Amper.\n\nDC - 7.4v\/1A from Aiwa.\n.\n.\n.\n#spelex #electronicstudent  #electronicsengineering #electronicsprojects #hardware\n#electronicengineer #electronicdesign\n#circuitdesign \n#electronicprojects\n#electronicslovers #electronicsolution\n#analogelectronics\n#digitalelectronics\n#diy #diyelectronics #powersupply #aiwa \n#linearpowersupply #ripples #transformator\">\r\n        <\/a>\r\n    <\/div>\r\n<\/div>    <\/div>\r\n\r\n\t<div id=\"sbi_load\" >\r\n\r\n\t\t\t<a class=\"sbi_load_btn\" href=\"javascript:void(0);\" style=\"background: rgb(255,0,0);color: rgb(255,255,255);\">\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sbi_btn_text\">Load More...<\/span>\r\n\t\t\t<span class=\"sbi_loader sbi_hidden\" style=\"background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span>\r\n\t\t<\/a>\r\n\t\r\n\t\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n\t    <span class=\"sbi_resized_image_data\" data-feed-id=\"sbi_17841419884156099rdm#120\" data-resized=\"{&quot;17885171690424584&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;239641349_966114683965705_4311469455033410541_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.21&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17908066592073013&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;239633210_802148707116705_993881604065136757_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.80&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17914422811941938&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;239739770_555980785852769_1899411087182663287_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17938548193597166&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;240272638_134867898765588_4215231446385262756_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.33&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17856845570615883&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;240490833_231110145608014_6518634278173450894_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.80&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18088646644280561&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;240556787_405729080971581_7553475619065458871_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.97&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17906500631098942&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;240409573_271446087816519_3367978665954557245_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.81&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17906631508993102&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;240490834_545522623450376_2871922023462719005_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.49&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18125399779219810&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;241002341_551096052772103_3611605593565396185_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.53&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17870417957557555&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;241487205_852435122077527_5797316888267416493_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.91&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18228292966076286&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;241880200_582392319566927_4191878618340520516_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17881375205446724&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;241841667_198946068849797_2235155404683251278_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17938698979610219&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;241807376_117741333957457_4655241915099663023_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.67&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17948157055530914&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;242311636_577181013722007_1426568916570846657_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17974730128426382&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;242199034_940117943253801_1404187158105510883_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.77&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17912609495066104&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;242654683_1031720194244375_2255691306502552941_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.19&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17905200827166634&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;242300239_866178567601995_6140990002967844296_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.22&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17885488988377831&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;242398739_406996697528521_7422125700840979557_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.77&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17952636817521600&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;243837255_554123192484848_8087691141213568102_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17890793213405706&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;244369283_1437409126642358_637277720065057670_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17904893561079891&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;244005638_906273913325318_7383126532868813463_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.07&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17887587080511893&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;244464472_553237649272905_961610928030108867_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.77&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18257152300054054&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;244630961_552628555796875_8782372101205142724_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.80&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18001141321369512&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;244598705_601473851212964_4725438811289727982_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17896995353246623&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;244694741_1095255144579820_7489576114769265374_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17930260132700197&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;244640701_203700941739536_4909620736868366649_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17881842719524035&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;245005059_1476937832705472_5107215305257867066_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.51&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17918122744986124&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;245209190_2918684931706670_9190585805136782471_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.29&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17886934577391982&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;245685142_681635739481114_3944682851174823850_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17935834168663479&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;243590255_1072955186806551_5823761795612073782_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17985707149405938&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;245806581_408435887560689_8281778275269692962_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17912588179995747&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;246033871_414673056842190_5315787619425869801_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18174264220197001&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;247109981_3157072011196660_8835938879092204229_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17906982398316144&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;248515823_2971366813129131_1845718035148464925_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.64&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17965032748481933&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;248926442_3112642572340229_5622661674554563758_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18259295266004597&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;248911807_1306840266402045_7150000452052289264_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17948764975564787&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;249169964_214142980698704_6974479581920362704_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.33&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17877333263570466&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;249270023_252531576843990_7439473125240733123_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17895598481385368&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;250041036_855690271788613_7919898524882411001_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.77&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17906634689204274&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;250353189_681098232808419_9011425124989467422_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.64&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17848545704665849&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;250871200_1542764552782806_4734617617298886853_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17881657421532911&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;250914344_564802261274142_7443177738777215936_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.26&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17863805006628254&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;250141164_616735703013902_7165481104785127453_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17873616203599782&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;251352433_1056866658446769_4200880165773467785_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18260118469043466&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;250762352_380176397184942_6859424957821514524_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17891586806511791&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;250784715_264322612303928_215496852989355313_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17869325261613613&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;252018066_2701494426819263_9113559886351283789_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.50&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17880495383506416&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;253543118_130860815973122_5917936205242676493_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18134571415218960&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;254004480_379980660493852_530973961663174866_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17977812196437788&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;253771467_3095256570721716_7381779055671654369_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17895213947457189&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;253116550_424224935751399_6545281903384905612_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17944976794614605&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;253492888_385905373216514_3934986220694226115_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18206711074104947&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;254028668_412478930377519_1712413613759874692_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17936027698699436&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;253850328_178849877699241_2276246198480846150_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.50&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18137792239237995&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;254495887_319020169653123_8548636915097886093_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.64&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17960172628506753&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;256322371_240714238122751_6877150100903414204_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17938613587710628&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;255129418_1013467129509448_6669895915477122971_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17913295403129250&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;255208033_874104453302896_6648557380790468293_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.02&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17889446513518145&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;247549405_583153462954096_4806992515957747258_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.44&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17918851544009889&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;256007841_112773977757169_5908354896599987950_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17948183755552703&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;256821248_411700960503882_8734927772539596495_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17964973693491448&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;257194244_2108580729292420_8995441761077886861_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.50&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18245491159079971&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;256371669_604285627385816_7811676918195011644_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.42&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18265816099034767&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;256921302_311552890557005_8847863657638854757_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17898148199502705&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;257768668_1921870151325202_4881633347686129251_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.85&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17918267297063324&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;257660184_1965884916922718_5383492975461331796_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17917741481100619&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;258709894_284771803569518_1946773383900473295_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.02&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17941763215720934&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;258881775_124607513339871_4238351279867119849_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18252701251076589&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;258865955_319333246679340_8884352029665977865_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.28&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17935041628713544&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;259515567_1010373986178521_4946514827015143274_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17913755570058597&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;259490967_1113754072362937_8236026805382683729_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.37&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17889543272438601&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;261093590_2051796568303143_8884761276285989916_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.83&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17909665676208880&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;261184031_277526544180066_6519358551692310620_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.27&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17946297979620110&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;261756109_244383224387566_3279440455915130924_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17914790558041437&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;261884552_932643924342326_1420472923239621878_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17928166924925383&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;263115913_229167772664392_991812209684908113_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.64&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18143547871226862&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;262799634_426431995787620_4024373935842713963_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.50&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18244789048073940&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;263406999_990938764823873_2138953718546263350_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.27&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17910095759321431&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;263849853_436787361414496_5347743561885567451_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17938269376681343&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;264832689_117232147450428_7807821878727160803_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17932137805760766&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;265002910_1565566867135391_1194654056555864414_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17902397144378941&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;266401025_300019695377286_1233545990678428832_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.50&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17943448987723348&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;267195558_380589953815064_6434089386380212042_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.54&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18142529074237369&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;266299054_498032251436413_8576894804859561897_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17978041501454411&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;267177314_132942199141315_8570314256712710992_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.30&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17936126188834074&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;267586687_411906667387244_2894570409824832863_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.06&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17890442600477751&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;269466771_648950519457890_5820311165962756454_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17983562794439113&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;269739690_2891205314543638_2468701655156857268_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18180585268086383&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;269611580_1394668027615226_3365286730962166403_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17844192110705378&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;269768366_642776680480199_2813559173658863554_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17919983938990189&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;269826035_1253600718475202_6595358335393551787_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.50&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17923210652038475&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;270168355_897102430858774_884293581772387346_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.33&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18206413219186729&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;270066279_938704033454143_378944255515362709_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17915002868242912&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;271327371_989448178592594_5030426405722904232_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17923568348087455&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;271218984_144489867954698_5914440190492988700_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.33&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17912932424137620&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;271495569_1273456379816257_4212139617703786919_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18029594665332536&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;271633405_853456708964147_5299408104026894532_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17979438139459172&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;271629873_923993738479669_1860252940125948604_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.33&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17884208429599927&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;271832358_1625245014475918_2878306491706935806_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18213441796113270&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;271786020_353703259536206_8449622636226506569_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17957601748577647&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;271777797_309342887919190_2204017446698249078_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17978947606460871&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;271997743_210416254558534_1625618900162624271_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.50&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17963003743526754&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;272099735_378632527361329_6629139508962360451_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.27&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17927677091048751&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;272212936_1948654655314322_7975439067040123102_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17986607515440316&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;272112204_4857354604355881_905325823113170474_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18275058427018857&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;272485065_142397464858863_9118304664836233762_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18124104580252407&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;272504080_610289550051273_2419990814657238501_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17880791567544193&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;272394358_1308012079713564_3573072867510259166_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.50&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17962681147514816&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;272708993_446405457207541_6403961978710014455_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17890528556507675&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;273243498_343075037693831_2772342310715461792_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.37&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18212464876136097&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;258854670_1018787232316041_7859762147205387421_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17944694728785130&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;273208028_358407282772605_7754007832177244078_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.63&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17949756709711688&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;273462966_616655422770482_7349039700733966796_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.64&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17919543683229567&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;273582591_246858947502340_3151996342619635814_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17939644795767114&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;273817547_3309896022626386_2372008017871910048_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.80&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17930353616067767&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;273859459_617766579319752_6975238446485423527_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17929936502137025&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;277112231_508491237606277_5888156541215369564_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18223709071118200&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;277253199_543285933768932_5839153932130961935_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18027339049360597&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;277840619_3185978295024655_1714383862961805291_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17951715271786863&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;278114188_688646899247811_5549457651116573951_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17981290606496230&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;278065730_478881434021619_8325401761433510921_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.19&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18124369282276605&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;278386581_355467679862150_277310416628455798_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17936686241027244&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;278543034_1142097379914134_972486334908005_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.21&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17937796997045627&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;278872814_1032787177320386_6855604794824943940_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17918768504462244&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;278935386_680181279977232_3366262283404595260_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18290800972040565&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;279319822_651512112620430_2791202122604404492_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17924868116153828&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;279380855_317753000486037_2053581331001902453_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.07&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17957264404653990&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;279316591_3189933837942505_2701628324990530219_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17901494435501150&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;279580651_752670625897385_6053054722572968821_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.33&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17894140583531644&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;279679667_1003623320264883_6154332080351102891_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18000190219429662&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;280126456_4730746333698662_8275300469619085035_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18190495171167193&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;280181143_684349132675306_3348380978356431205_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17851058051743106&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;280456986_1289501714873959_8410490949704392482_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.50&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17943729214955098&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;280167088_1036938790591992_1690645046710593859_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17956207762686705&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;280332388_401832741606080_8400909542422833749_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18217704286130026&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;280552917_1350535435442647_6873938416435032139_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17864275598720714&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;280508077_295244302812340_1647218424093147462_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18091714840294289&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;280743372_167614095657518_7089040544592807726_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17943740875894983&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;281671964_730393021647524_9122643042972214207_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.33&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17944102207967516&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;282231286_746507980122146_3739092979062999003_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.78&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18033417544360545&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;282066292_493681802550393_7893744782154282188_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18040623304340333&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;282112508_578348203517751_6615856683885244655_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17911931906412364&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;282407050_177789731262317_7357208330525864256_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17885742311603904&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;283127001_1052953562314202_4716289663392422258_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17915924936349271&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;283897765_1167404637381412_7025097042458954224_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18304111348011317&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;284332845_430694955562714_1357803137691127185_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.91&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17958840883683419&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;285416787_546994550287067_6415479789575051990_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.80&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18199598968091342&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;285654864_696208481721485_8507848715035708580_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17959150660770938&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;286658281_699542051126615_475944858422123824_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18243569527128532&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;292951188_734087524542862_3982877291135561415_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17907186914295698&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;272720042_1765400520328777_7162054649730922857_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17913529481301822&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;266250316_1093402608137239_7755729353982543934_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17903744954360577&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;264193868_1080792106028995_5172365734908455063_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18278875876053086&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;273599360_705244447138210_7178147768163426902_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17940320932804296&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;272194934_438936121253214_6781569715898420614_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17940553060773043&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;271398433_4859512467402091_8689664558924429835_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17911852298158440&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;271499473_981446626056037_921869608713714378_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17949286892021607&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;292849151_435746594900626_6613896485363065927_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17916703778334959&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;283024471_715428039498866_3011446576043174292_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17896935704476930&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;273574424_1106245883523062_2717231728005593458_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17918108231284981&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;272119661_475957104247831_1647072091580495149_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17960662699753305&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;297116887_163776836167707_3470553003391686377_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.50&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17960581061098667&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;313275064_802365994328606_5430645773132402077_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17972806378888285&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;313413383_167235615910616_3673897769929203405_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17962548869022954&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;313489117_3299069827088250_1040973641871554963_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17909036906587954&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;313841035_517829629946815_2116330754452085515_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.89&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18254829211112676&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;314349252_849083819848906_8336682909525277228_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17969428753932238&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;313924576_489884433087062_8411781638451061012_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17966072557971362&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;314017810_1177514259849220_7859464483976483157_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17970939661780430&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;313815657_642852757564496_8452213409865739871_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17969293744815637&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;313843314_134126065858808_8446807263639723577_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.74&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17887755707733945&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;314402835_176279005065667_3989000794841823510_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17952679460247815&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;314526100_853608375664181_107643947609615491_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17973454846895298&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;314662047_714210479551448_7650358315031726574_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18260903383106065&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;317062972_560598352493889_7138278363910842228_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17860402238626881&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;244359297_4719143011471212_943860949148675466_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.77&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17933857030690775&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;244634590_856720501621517_9026098327376161399_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17864978858614550&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;244404670_961893957695499_7141528974090771594_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.77&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17949625474550715&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;244327032_926826411255472_7724223256333059771_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18208952869201437&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;320237776_849415839635808_5985114290791471281_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17993875663620879&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;321005304_531757255668350_1942435324474889955_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18082385941321346&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;325476401_481729624135468_8016200522396673778_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17924052569534620&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;325184712_697842605121868_5330108638084945528_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17953953251281135&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;330397965_492805626356888_5712824639539383595_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17843442770942901&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;332004911_3412736009001161_2837867321286392055_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17871296099847818&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;333212026_582255457138555_7487659093094569525_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17889337703730858&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;332678871_9552062048153292_8690622503808173870_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17916908264686893&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;332914909_159445270228220_7760605860810764931_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.16&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17981123948005123&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;337154699_589511303097692_4115932115819215624_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.78&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17983132471978534&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;337303742_9129077757165741_6388144291601684666_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17959705151259099&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;337389924_889656982329933_3109297709193232225_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17887066640802939&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;329773200_125631303699654_8469359234248325534_n.webp&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17894420624829936&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;356894879_555140653289249_5190561462284036672_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17977960646382071&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;361940211_2269423016582259_9147993766067728272_n.heic&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18004479890218875&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;410604738_251577541275162_6284114769265110804_n.heic&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.00&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17925215000841782&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;432155417_1180257360021812_1821695503990398815_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18038216848836940&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;436905468_400780959386341_5573411560705203914_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;18042889495619767&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;437718725_1466632947589704_374957246167937509_n.heic&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.78&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17996873411536034&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;437758317_329526506796414_504125897032493738_n&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;0.56&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}},&quot;17966633543619662&quot;:{&quot;id&quot;:&quot;447040589_1055731109439048_136232728490393277_n.heic&quot;,&quot;ratio&quot;:&quot;1.64&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:{&quot;full&quot;:640,&quot;low&quot;:320,&quot;thumb&quot;:150}}}\">\n\t<\/span>\n\t<\/div>\r\n\r\n\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ensuring Electromagnetic Harmony Inside Your Electronics. Help to identify and fix EMI\/EMC design problems. EMC design review during the design phase. Reducing interference and restoring Signal\/Power Integrity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"template-fullwidth.php","meta":{"pgc_meta":""},"pgc_meta":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/393"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=393"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2243,"href":"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/393\/revisions\/2243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.spelex-i.com\/electronics-expert\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}